Wadanne cututtukan gashi suka fi shahara?

A kullum mutum yakan yi asarar gashi kusan 50-100. Tare da kusan 100 XNUMX daga cikinsu, waɗannan ba canje-canje ba ne. Yayin da muke tsufa, gashin ɗan adam yana yin rauni kuma yana saurin faɗuwa. Duk da haka, lokacin da kurakurai bayyananne suka fara bayyana a kai, wannan alama ce ta bayyana cewa wani abu mai tsanani yana faruwa. Matsalolin gashi da cututtuka suna shafar mutane ba tare da la’akari da shekarunsu da jinsinsu ba. Suna da dalilai daban-daban ta nau'in damuwa, yanayin yanayin halitta ko hanyoyin kulawa da ba daidai ba. Sauran cututtuka da cututtuka da ke hade, alal misali, tare da rashin daidaituwa na hormonal, na iya haifar da asarar gashi. Kowanne daga cikin wadannan cututtuka ba shi da dadi kuma ana iya danganta shi da fuskantar abubuwa marasa dadi da yawa a bangaren al'umma.

Bayanan asali game da gashi

Tsarin gashi

Gashin ya ƙunshi sassa biyu - tushen da tushe. Tushen shine guntun da ke cikin kwasfa. Ya ƙunshi nau'i uku: core, haushi da cuticle na gashi. Bugu da ƙari, a kasan tushen akwai kwan fitila, wanda ya ƙunshi matrix da papilla gashi. Matrix shine inda melanocytes ke wanzu. Launin gashin mai su ya dogara da adadin fenti da aka yi a cikinsu. Wart yana kunshe ne da rukuni na sel nama. Rashin gashi na dindindin yana haifar da lalacewa ta musamman na wannan ɓangaren gashi. Itace bangaren gashin da mutane ke iya gani saboda yana saman fata. Ya ƙunshi ainihin gashi, cortex da sheath kuma yana haifar da keratinization na sel matrix gashi. Gashi yana tsirowa daga ɗigon gashi, wanda shine rami a cikin epidermis. Ga tushen gashi da kuma wurin da aka makala tsokar paranasal. Naman paranasal ne ke da alhakin ɗaga gashi da haifar da abin da ake kira goosebumps. Ragewarta shine martani ga abubuwan motsa jiki da tsarin juyayi ya aiko, kuma yana ƙara fitar da sinadarai. Ƙwayoyin gashi suna kewaye da adadi mai yawa na jijiyoyi da jini.

Girman gashi

Domin gashi ya yi girma da kyau, wajibi ne a kula da daidaitattun hulɗar tsakanin papilla da matrix gashi. Gashi a kai yana girma a cikin adadin santimita 1 a cikin kusan wata 1. Matsakaicin kaurinsu shine 70µm. Ci gaban ba ya ci gaba kuma ya kasu kashi uku. Girma, ko anagen, yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 3-6 kuma yana rinjayar 80-85% na duk gashi. Ya ƙunshi a cikin rabo na gashi matrix Kwayoyin. Mataki na gaba shine juyin juya hali, wanda aka sani da suna catagen, ko lokacin tsaka-tsakin lokacin da gashin gashi ya zama keratinized a hankali kuma yana motsawa zuwa sama. Wannan yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni kaɗan kuma yana rufe kusan 1% na gashi. Mataki na ƙarshe shine hutawa, wato, telogen, wanda ke ɗaukar kimanin watanni 2-4. Yana rufe kashi 10-20% na gashi kuma yana magance asarar tsohuwar gashi da bayyanar sabon gashi. Ci gaban gashi da girma sun dogara ne akan abubuwa da yawa, ciki har da kwayoyin halitta da yanayin hormonal. Suna da alhakin wuce gona da iri na gashi ko tsarin halittar gashi wanda ke ƙayyade nau'in gashi a cikin jinsin ɗan adam.

Cututtuka masu alaƙa da alopecia

Mafi yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da asarar gashi

• rashin abinci mai gina jiki wanda ke haifar da rashi na bitamin da ma'adanai;
• rashin kulawa, watau. yin amfani da kayan da ba su dace ba don irin wannan gashi da rashin amfani da su;
• abubuwan inji kamar shafa gashin kai da matashin kai a jarirai da salon gyara gashi wanda bai dace ba wanda ke raunanawa da damuwa da gashi, kamar matsi da wutsiya da ake sawa na tsawon sa'o'i;
• guba jiki da abubuwa masu guba, irin su mercury ko arsenic;
• yanayin yanayin halitta;
• cututtuka na endocrine, i.e. matsaloli tare da samar da androgens, ko raunin gashi saboda rashin daidaituwa na hormones da ke cikin glandar thyroid;
• cututtuka masu yaduwa da raunin jiki akai-akai;
• cututtuka na fata - psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis;
• cututtuka na fatar kan mutum - lichen planus, scleroderma iyaka;
• cututtuka na gashi - mycoses;
• cututtuka na tsarin - lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus;
• da yin amfani da chemotherapy a gaban ciwon daji cututtuka;
• shan wasu magungunan rigakafin rigakafi, magungunan antithyroid, da wasu magungunan hana zubar jini.

Yawan asarar gashi, alopecia

Wannan yana daya daga cikin matsalolin gashin kai da ake yawan samu. Yana shafar maza fiye da mata kuma shine, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, asarar gashi mai yawa. Ana iya lura da wannan ta hanyar mahimmancin gashin gashi da bayyanar gashin gashi a kan lokaci. Yana iya haifar da alopecia na dindindin ko na wucin gadi, sannan kuma yana rufe gashin kai baki daya ko a wani yanki mai iyaka. Alopecia na iya zama cicatricial tare da ko ba tare da tabo ba.

Namiji androgenetic alopecia

Cuta ce da ke shafar kowane mutum. Yawancin lokaci yana farawa bayan shekaru 40, kodayake yana iya bayyana a cikin matasa. Yawanci yana faruwa a cikin mutanen da suka yi fama da seborrhea ko dandruff mai mai a lokacin samartaka. Da farko ya bayyana, da sauri da kuma ci gaba da yawa. Androgenetic alopecia an gaji gadon gadon gado a matsayin kwayar halitta mai rinjaye ta autosomal. Androgens, ko hormones na jima'i, suna haifar da ƙananan gashin gashi don dakatar da "riƙe" gashin kansu. Alopecia yana farawa da yayyafa sasanninta na gaba da kambi. Mafi girman yiwuwar gashi, yawancin dangi na I da II. matakin fama da wannan cuta. Idan kana so ka warkar da cuta kamar androgenetic alopecia, dole ne ka yi la'akari da cewa wannan tsari yana ci gaba, saboda ya haɗa da kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ba za a iya canza su ba. Idan kun daina shan magungunan ku, gashin ku zai yi girma. Waɗanne kwayoyi ne ake amfani da su musamman mafita na minoxidil da finasteride. Godiya gare su, gashi yana daina faɗuwa, kuma ya zama mai kauri da ƙarfi. Ana samun sakamako mafi kyau bayan shekaru 2 na amfani.

Tsarin mace na Androgenetic alopecia

Androgenetic alopecia ba shi da yawa a cikin mata fiye da maza. Yawanci yana bayyana kusan shekaru 30. Yana bayyana kanta a cikin fadada abin da ake kira sashi a sama da kai. Lokacin da mace ta kasance bayan al'ada, adadin estrogens a cikin jikinta yana raguwa, don haka androgens sun fara rinjaye kuma suna taimakawa wajen bayyanar alopecia. A cikin mata, androgenetic alopecia yana bayyana da farko ta hanyar asarar gashi mai yawa. Koyaya, yana iya bayyana kuma yana aiki "mafi ƙarfi" saboda abubuwan wanke-wanke da ke ƙunshe a cikin samfuran kula da gashi. Idan kana so ka warkar da ciwo, dole ne ka yi la'akari da dogon tsari wanda ba koyaushe yana tasiri ba. A cikin maganin wannan cuta a cikin mata, ana amfani da maganin 2% na minoxidil. Hakanan maganin hana haihuwa na hormonal yana da amfani.

Arepecia areata

Alopecia areata yana faruwa a cikin 1-2% na yawan jama'a kuma yana da alaƙa da rikice-rikice na tsarin garkuwar jiki, da kuma cututtukan cututtukan da ke haɗuwa da juna. Sau da yawa mutanen da ke fama da ita kuma suna fama da yanayin fata irin su atopy ko atopic dermatitis, ko kuma mutanen da ke da Down syndrome. Alopecia areata yana faruwa ba kawai a kan fatar kai ba, har ma, alal misali, a kan fuska (ganin gira, gashin ido) ko a yankin al'aura. Wannan na iya zama na dindindin ko na ɗan lokaci, kuma ana iya samun sake dawowa. Alamar alopecia areata galibi ce ta fari ko zagaye. Fatar da ke cikin raunukan hauren giwa ne ko jajayen kadan. Tare da gefunansu, gashi yakan karye. Akwai nau'o'in alopecia iri-iri - diffous alopecia areata (asarar gashi akan babban yanki), alopecia serpentine (asarar gashi a kusa da kai, musamman a temples da bayan kai), alopecia na gabaɗaya, wato duka alopecia (gashi). hasara a kan dukan kai, ciki har da fuska) da kuma alopecia na duniya (rashin gashi a duk jiki). Hanyar maganin alopecia areata ya dogara da yankin da cutar ta shafa. Idan ƙaramin yanki ne kawai, akwai yiwuwar zai tafi ba tare da buƙatar magani ba. Duk da haka, a wannan yanayin, ana bada shawarar shan zinc ta baki har tsawon watanni da yawa. Jiyya kuma ya haɗa da corticosteroids a cikin hanyar mafita ko creams, da kuma cyclosporine. Idan kun daina shan magunguna biyu, akwai kyakkyawan dama cewa gashin ku zai sake faduwa. A cikin yaki da alopecia areata, ana ba da shawarar photochemotherapy, watau. haskakawa na wuraren da abin ya shafa da kuma maganin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi (dipcyprone (PrEP) da dibutylester), wanda zai iya haifar da cikakkiyar gashin gashi.

Trichotillomania

Yana da ciwon tabin hankali sau da yawa saboda damuwa ko tsoro. Ya ƙunshi injina cire gashin marasa lafiya ta hanyar: cire su, shafa, cirewa da cirewa, gajeriyar aski. Trichotillomania ya fi kowa a cikin yara da matasa (wannan rukunin ya kai kashi 60% na marasa lafiya). Yana faruwa ne sakamakon yawan damuwa, wuce gona da iri da damuwa da ke tattare da balaga. Mata suna fama da rashin lafiya sau da yawa fiye da maza, saboda ba su da ikon jurewa matsaloli da damuwa maras buƙata. A cikin manya, cutar ta fi sau da yawa ta hanyar wasu cututtuka, damuwa da rashin tunani. Ana iya lura da Trichotillomania ta bayyanar cututtukan da ba a saba da su ba a cikin yankin fronto-parietal, tare da bayyanar sabon zub da jini daga gashin gashi. Jiyya yawanci ya haɗa da ba da shawara na tunani ko na tabin hankali da kuma yin amfani da man shafawa da shamfu na hana ƙaiƙayi ga yara kuma, a cikin yanayin manya, magungunan rage damuwa.

Sauran cututtuka na gashi da gashin kai.

• yawan gashi1. Hirsutism wata cuta ce da ke shafar mata a lokacin ƙuruciya, wanda ke bayyana ta yawan girma gashi a wuraren da ke da gashin namiji. Yana faruwa ne ta hanyar wuce gona da iri na androgens. 2. Hypertrichosis - yawan girma gashi a cikin jiki ko kawai a wasu wurare. Yafi bayyana a lokacin ƙuruciya ko samartaka. Dangane da lamarin, wannan na iya zama cutar da aka samu ko haihuwa. Yawancin lokaci maza ba su da lafiya.
• anemia - yana bayyana kanta a cikin sirara, gallazawa da rauni, da kuma faɗuwar gashi da yawa. Wannan shi ne saboda rashi na bitamin da abubuwan gina jiki.
• Seborrheic dermatitis da atopic dermatitis, duka cututtuka suna tafiya a hanya ɗaya. Ana bayyana su ta hanyar ƙoshi mai yawa da dandruff, da kuma yawan asarar gashi.
• Dandruff - Yana iya zama bushe ko jika. Bayyana a cikin zubar da bushe epidermis. Yana iya zama kwayoyin halitta, hormonal ko cututtukan fungal.
• Rabuwar gashi - mafi yawan lokuta wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar kulawa mara kyau, yana haifar da lalacewa marar lalacewa na gashin gashi.
• Gashi mai daɗi Wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar haɓakar sebum, wanda zai iya faruwa saboda dalilai da yawa.