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"The Arnolfini Couple" na Jan van Eyck: bayyana asirin zanen

"The Arnolfini Couple" na Jan van Eyck: bayyana asirin zanen

Bisa ga sigar hukuma, zanen da Jan van Eyck (1390-1441) ya yi yana nuna ɗan kasuwa ɗan Italiya Giovanni Arnolfini, wanda ya rayu a Bruges. An kama lamarin a gidansa, a cikin ɗakin kwana. Yana rike da angonsa da hannu. Ranar aurensu kenan.

Duk da haka, ina tsammanin wannan ba Arnolfini ba ne. Kuma da kyar wurin bikin aure ne. Amma ƙari akan hakan daga baya.

Kuma da farko ina ba da shawarar duba cikakkun bayanai na hoton. A cikin su ne asirin ya ta'allaka ne, dalilin da yasa Arnolfini Couple shine mafi kyawun abin da ya faru a lokacinsa. Kuma me yasa wannan hoton ya girgiza tunanin duk masu sukar fasaha na duniya.

Duk game da hular Arnolfini ne

Shin kun taɓa kallon Arnolfini Couple kusa?

Wannan zanen karami ne. Faɗin ya ɗan wuce rabin mita! Kuma a tsawon kuma har zuwa mita ba ya tsayawa. Amma cikakkun bayanai game da shi ana siffanta su da daidaito na ban mamaki.

"The Arnolfini Couple" na Jan van Eyck: bayyana asirin zanen
Jan Van Eyck. Hoton ma'auratan Arnolfini. 1434. National Gallery na London. Wikimedia Commons.

Da alama kowa ya san wannan. To, masu sana'a na Holland sun ƙaunaci cikakkun bayanai. Ga chandelier a cikin dukkan ɗaukakarsa, da madubi, da silifa.

Amma wata rana na kalli hular mutumin. Kuma na ga a kai ... a fili rarrabe layuka na zaren. Don haka ba mai kauri ba ne. Jan van Eyck ya ɗauki kyakkyawan yanayin masana'anta mai santsi!

Ya zama mini baƙon abu kuma bai dace da ra'ayoyin game da aikin mai zane ba.

"The Arnolfini Couple" na Jan van Eyck: bayyana asirin zanen

Ka yi tunani da kanka. Anan Jan van Eyck ke zaune a wurin easel. A gabansa akwai sababbin ma'aurata (ko da yake na tabbata sun yi aure shekaru kadan kafin ƙirƙirar wannan hoton).

Suna tsayawa - yana aiki. Amma ta yaya, a nisan mita biyu, ya yi la'akari da nau'in masana'anta don isar da shi?

Don yin wannan, dole ne a kiyaye hula a kusa da idanu! Kuma duk da haka, menene amfanin canja wurin komai a hankali zuwa zane?

Ina ganin bayani ɗaya kawai akan wannan. Yanayin da aka kwatanta a sama bai taba faruwa ba. Akalla ba daki na gaske ba ne. Kuma mutanen da ke cikin hoton ba su taɓa zama a ciki ba.

Sirrin aikin van Eyck da sauran 'yan kasar Netherlands

A cikin 1430s, wani abin al'ajabi ya faru a zanen Netherland. Ko da shekaru 20-30 kafin wannan, hoton ya bambanta. A bayyane yake a gare mu cewa masu fasaha kamar Bruderlam sun zana daga tunaninsu.

Amma ba zato ba tsammani, kusan na dare, wani yanayi mai ban mamaki ya bayyana a cikin zane-zane. Kamar muna da hoto, ba zane ba!

"The Arnolfini Couple" na Jan van Eyck: bayyana asirin zanen
Hagu: Melchior Bruderlam. Ganawar St. Mary da St. Elizabeth (guntsi na bagadi). 1398. Monastery na Chanmol a Dijon. A dama: Jan Van Eyck. Ma'auratan Arnolfini. 1434. National Gallery na London. Wikimedia Commons.

Na yarda da sigar mai zane David Hockney (1937) cewa wannan ba wuya ba ne saboda haɓakar ƙwarewar masu fasaha a cikin ƙasa guda, a cikin Netherlands.

Gaskiyar ita ce, shekaru 150 kafin wannan, ... an ƙirƙira ruwan tabarau! Kuma masu zane-zane sun dauke su cikin hidima.

Ya juya cewa tare da taimakon madubi da ruwan tabarau, zaka iya ƙirƙirar hotuna na dabi'a sosai (Na yi magana game da ɓangaren fasaha na wannan hanya a cikin labarin "Jan Vermeer. Menene banbancin mai zane.

Wannan shine sirrin hular Arnolfini!

Lokacin da aka hango wani abu akan madubi ta hanyar amfani da ruwan tabarau, hotonsa yana bayyana a gaban idanun masu fasaha tare da dukkan alamu. 

"The Arnolfini Couple" na Jan van Eyck: bayyana asirin zanen

Duk da haka, ba ni da wata hanya ta rage gwanintar van Eyck!

Yin aiki tare da yin amfani da irin waɗannan na'urori yana buƙatar haƙuri da fasaha mai ban mamaki. Ba a ma maganar gaskiyar cewa mai zane a hankali yayi tunani akan abun da ke cikin hoton ba.

Lens a wancan lokacin an yi ƙanana. Kuma a fasaha, mai zane ba zai iya ɗauka da canja wurin duk abin da ke cikin zane a lokaci ɗaya ba, tare da taimakon ruwan tabarau ɗaya.

Dole ne in lullube hoton gunduwa-gunduwa. Na dabam fuska, tafin hannu, rabin chandelier ko silifas.

Ana ganin wannan hanyar haɗin gwiwar da kyau a cikin wani aikin na van Eyck.

"The Arnolfini Couple" na Jan van Eyck: bayyana asirin zanen
Jan Van Eyck. Saint Francis yana karɓar stigmata. 1440. Philadelphia Museum of Art. Artchive.ru

Duba, akwai wani abu da ke damun ƙafafu na waliyi. Da alama suna girma daga wurin da ba daidai ba. An yi amfani da hoton ƙafafu dabam daga kowane abu. Kuma maigidan yayi gudun hijira ba da gangan ba.

To, a lokacin ba su karanci ilimin halittar jiki ba tukuna. Saboda wannan dalili, ana yawan nuna hannayen hannu a matsayin ƙanana idan aka kwatanta da kai.

Don haka ina ganin haka. Da farko, van Eyck ya gina wani abu kamar daki a cikin bitar. Sai na zana adadi daban. Kuma ya "haɗe" kansu da hannayen abokan cinikin zanen. Sa'an nan kuma na kara da sauran cikakkun bayanai: slippers, lemu, knobs a kan gado da sauransu.

Sakamakon shine haɗin gwiwa wanda ke haifar da ruɗi na sararin samaniya tare da mazaunanta.

"The Arnolfini Couple" na Jan van Eyck: bayyana asirin zanen

Da fatan za a lura cewa ɗakin yana da alama na mutane masu arziki ne. Amma…ya kankantarta! Kuma mafi mahimmanci, ba ta da murhu. Wannan yana da sauƙin bayyana kawai ta gaskiyar cewa wannan ba wurin zama bane! Ado kawai.

Kuma wannan shi ne abin da kuma ke nuna cewa wannan ƙwararre ce, kyakkyawa, amma har yanzu haɗin gwiwa.

Muna jin a ciki cewa ga maigidan babu wani bambanci abin da ya kwatanta: silifa, chandelier ko hannun mutum. Komai daidai yake daidai kuma yana da ban sha'awa.

Ana fitar da hanci mai sabon hancin mutum a hankali kamar dattin takalmansa. Komai yana da mahimmanci daidai ga mai zane. Haka ne, domin an halicce shi ta hanya ɗaya!

Wanda ke boye a karkashin sunan Arnolfini

Dangane da sigar hukuma, wannan hoton yana nuna auren Giovanni Arnolfini. A lokacin, ana iya yin aure a gida, a gaban shaidu.

"The Arnolfini Couple" na Jan van Eyck: bayyana asirin zanen

Amma an san cewa Giovanni Arnolfini ya yi aure da yawa daga baya, shekaru 10 bayan halittar wannan hoton.

To wanene?

Bari mu fara da cewa a gabanmu ba a yi bikin aure ba kwata-kwata! Wadannan mutanen sun riga sun yi aure.

A lokacin daurin auren, ma'auratan sun rike hannayensu na dama suna musayar zobe. Anan mutumin ya ba da hannunsa na hagu. Kuma ba shi da zoben aure. Ba a bukaci mazajen da suke aure su rika sanya su a kowane lokaci ba.

Matar ta sanya zobe, amma ta hannun hagu, wanda ya halatta. Bugu da kari, tana da salon gyaran gashi na matar aure.

Hakanan zaka iya samun ra'ayi cewa matar tana da ciki. Hasali ma sai kawai ta rik'e folding din rigarta zuwa cikinta.

Wannan alama ce ta mace mai daraja. Aristocrats sun yi amfani da shi tsawon ƙarni. Har ma muna iya ganinsa a cikin wata mace Bature na karni na XNUMX:

"The Arnolfini Couple" na Jan van Eyck: bayyana asirin zanen
George Romney. Mrs Lindow. 1771. Tate Museum, London. Gallerix.ru.

Za mu iya hasashen su wane ne waɗannan mutanen. Yana yiwuwa wannan shi ne artist da kansa tare da matarsa ​​Margaret. A raɗaɗi, yarinyar tana kama da hotonta a lokacin da ya girma.

"The Arnolfini Couple" na Jan van Eyck: bayyana asirin zanen
Hagu: Jan van Eyck. Hoton Margaret van Eyck. 1439. Groeninge Museum, Bruges. Wikimedia Commons.

A kowane hali, hoton na musamman ne. Wannan shi ne cikakken cikakken hoton mutanen da suka tsira daga wancan zamani. Ko da collage ne. Kuma mai zane ya zana kawunansu daban daga hannaye da cikakkun bayanai na dakin.

Ƙari ga haka, ainihin hoto ne. Na musamman kawai, ɗaya daga cikin iri. Tun da an halicce shi tun kafin ƙirƙirar photoreagents, wanda ya ba da damar ƙirƙirar kwafi biyu na gaskiya mai girma uku ba tare da yin amfani da fenti da hannu ba.

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comments sauran masu karatu duba kasa. Yawancin lokaci suna da kyau ƙari ga labarin. Hakanan zaka iya raba ra'ayinka game da zanen da mai zane, da kuma yi wa marubucin tambaya.