Hoton Dostoevsky. Menene bambanci na hoton Vasily Perov

Tunanin Fyodor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881), da farko mun tuna da hoton Vasily Perov. An adana hotuna da yawa na marubucin. Amma mun tuna da wannan kyakkyawan hoton.

Menene sirrin mai zane? Ta yaya mahaliccin Troika ya gudanar ya zana irin wannan hoton na musamman? Bari mu gane shi.

Hotunan Perov

Halayen Perov suna da matukar tunawa da haske. Mai zane har ma ya koma ga grotesque. Ya kara girman kansa, ya kara girman fuskarsa. Don haka nan da nan ya fito fili: duniyar ruhaniya na hali ba shi da talauci.

Kuma idan jarumtaka sun sha wahala, to ga wani abin ban mamaki. Don haka babu wata dama ta rashin tausayi. 

Mai zane, kamar mai Wanderer na gaskiya, yana son gaskiya. Idan muka nuna munanan halayen mutum, to da gaskiya marar tausayi. Idan yara sun riga sun sha wahala a wani wuri, to bai kamata ku sassauta bugun zuciyar mai kallo ba.

Saboda haka, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa Tretyakov ya zaɓi Perov, mai son gaskiya, don zana hoton Dostoevsky. Na san cewa zai rubuta gaskiya kuma gaskiya ne kawai. 

Perov da kuma Tretyakov

Pavel Tretyakov kansa ya kasance haka. Ya ƙaunaci gaskiya a cikin zane. Ya ce zai sayi zane koda da kududdufin talakawa ne. Idan da gaskiya ce. Gabaɗaya, kududdufai na Savrasov ba su kasance a banza ba a cikin tarinsa, amma babu wani yanayi mai kyau na masana ilimi.

Tabbas, mai ba da taimako ya ƙaunaci aikin Perov kuma sau da yawa ya sayi zane-zanensa. Kuma a farkon 70s na XIX karni, ya juya zuwa gare shi tare da bukatar fentin da dama hotuna na manyan mutanen Rasha. ciki har da Dostoevsky. 

Fedor Dostoevsky

Fedor Mihaylovich ya kasance mai rauni da kuma m mutum. Tuni yana da shekaru 24, shahara ta zo masa. Belinsky da kansa ya yaba da labarinsa na farko "Mutanen Talakawa"! Ga marubutan lokacin, wannan nasara ce mai ban mamaki.

Amma da sauƙi ɗaya, mai sukar ya tsawatar da aikinsa na gaba, The Double. Daga nasara zuwa mai hasara. Ga wani matashi mai rauni, kusan ba zai iya jurewa ba. Amma ya daure ya ci gaba da rubutawa.

Duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba jerin abubuwa masu ban tsoro sun jira shi.

An kama Dostoevsky saboda shiga cikin da'irar juyin juya hali. An yanke masa hukuncin kisa, wanda a karshe aka maye gurbinsa da aiki mai wuyar gaske. Ka yi tunanin abin da ya fuskanta! Yi bankwana da rayuwa, sannan don samun begen tsira.

Amma babu wanda ya soke aikin wahala. Ya wuce ta Siberiya a cikin sarƙoƙi na shekaru 4. Tabbas, ya lalata ruhi. Shekaru da yawa na kasa kawar da caca. Marubucin ya kuma sami ciwon farfadiya. Ya kuma sha fama da cutar sankarau akai-akai. Sa'an nan kuma ya sami bashi daga wurin ɗan'uwansa da ya rasu: ya ɓoye daga masu bashi na shekaru da yawa.

Rayuwa ta fara inganta bayan auren Anna Snitkina.

Ta kewaye marubuciyar da kulawa. Na dauki nauyin kula da kudi na iyali. Kuma Dostoevsky cikin nutsuwa ya yi aiki a littafinsa mai suna The Possessed. A wannan lokacin ne Vasily Perov ya same shi da irin wannan kaya na rayuwa.

Yin aiki akan hoto

Mai zane ya mayar da hankali kan fuska. Launi mara daidaituwa tare da tabo masu launin toka-shuɗi, kumburin fatar ido da furta kunci. Duk wahalhalu da cututtuka sun shafe shi. 

Marubucin yana sanye da jakunkuna, jaket mai banƙyama da aka yi da masana'anta mai arha a cikin tsaka-tsakin launi. Ba ya iya ɓoye ƙirjin da ta nutse da kafaɗun mutumin da ke fama da ciwo. Yana kuma da alama yana gaya mana cewa dukan duniya na Dostoevsky ya mayar da hankali a can, ciki. Abubuwan da ke faruwa na waje da abubuwa ba su da damuwa a gare shi.

Hannun Fedor Mikhailovich ma suna da gaske. Jijiyoyin kumbura waɗanda ke gaya mana game da tashin hankali na ciki. 

Hakika, Perov bai yi la'akari da ƙawata bayyanarsa ba. Amma ya isar da kamannin marubucin da ba a saba gani ba, yana kallon, kamar a cikin kansa. Hannunsa suna haye akan gwiwoyinsa, wanda ya kara jaddada wannan kadaici da maida hankali. 

Matar marubucin daga baya ta ce mai zanen ya sami damar nuna mafi girman halayen Dostoevsky. Bayan haka, ita da kanta fiye da sau ɗaya ta same shi a cikin wannan matsayi lokacin da yake aikin novel. Ee, “Aljanu” bai kasance mai sauƙi ga marubuci ba.

Dostoevsky da kuma Kristi

Perov ya ji daɗin cewa marubucin ya yi ƙoƙari don gaskiya wajen kwatanta duniyar ruhaniya ta mutum. 

Kuma mafi girma duka, ya sami damar isar da ainihin mutum mai rauni ruhi. Ya fada cikin matsananciyar yanke kauna, a shirye yake ya jure wulakanci, ko ma yana da ikon aikata laifi daga wannan fidda. Amma a cikin hotunan tunanin marubucin babu hukunci, sai dai karbuwa. 

Bayan haka, ga Dostoevsky babban gunki shine Kristi koyaushe. Ya ƙaunaci kuma ya yarda da duk wani ɓatanci na zamantakewa. Kuma watakila ba don komai ba ne Perov ya kwatanta marubucin kama da Kristi Kramskoy.

Ban sani ba ko wannan kwatsam ne. Kramskoy da Perov sun yi aiki a kan zane-zane a lokaci guda kuma sun nuna su ga jama'a a cikin wannan shekara. A kowane hali, irin wannan daidaituwa na hotuna yana da magana sosai.

A ƙarshe

Hoton Dostoevsky gaskiya ne. Kamar yadda Perov ke son shi. Kamar yadda Tretyakov ya so. Kuma tare da abin da Dostoevsky ya yarda.

Babu hoto ko daya da zai iya isar da duniyar cikin mutum ta irin wannan hanya. Ya isa duba wannan hoton hoton marubucin 1872.

Anan kuma muna ganin kamanni mai mahimmanci da tunani na marubuci. Amma a gaba ɗaya, hoton bai ishe mu ba, wanda ya ce game da mutumin. Madaidaicin matsayi, kamar akwai shamaki a tsakaninmu. Yayin da Perov ya gudanar da gabatar da mu da kansa ga marubuci. Kuma tattaunawar ta kasance gaskiya kuma ... da gaske.

***

Idan salon gabatarwa na yana kusa da ku kuma kuna sha'awar nazarin zane-zane, zan iya aiko muku da darussan kyauta ta wasiku. Don yin wannan, cika fom mai sauƙi a wannan hanyar haɗin yanar gizon.

comments sauran masu karatu duba kasa. Yawancin lokaci suna da kyau ƙari ga labarin. Hakanan zaka iya raba ra'ayinka game da zanen da mai zane, da kuma yi wa marubucin tambaya.

Shin kun sami kuskure/kuskure a cikin rubutun? Da fatan za a rubuto mani: oxana.kopenkina@arts-dnevnik.ru.

Darussan Fasaha na Kan layi 

Hanyoyin haɗi zuwa haifuwa:

V. Perov. Hoton Dostoevsky: https://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/collection/portret-fm-dostoevskogo-1821-1881

V. Perov. Janitor: https://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/collection/dvornik-otdayushchiy-kvartiru-baryne

V. Perov. Troika: https://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/collection/troyka-ucheniki-masterovye-vezut-vodu

A. Savrasov. Hanyar ƙasa: https://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/collection/proselok/