Joan Miro. Mawaƙi-mawaƙi

"Ina ƙoƙari in yi amfani da launuka a matsayin kalmomin da ke samar da waƙoƙi." Joan Miro

Joan Miro shine abstractionism da surrealism a cikin kwalba daya. Yakamata da kalmomi da zane-zane. Dan uwansa Pablo Picasso и Salvador Dali, ya kasa zama a inuwarsu. Ƙirƙiri salon ku na musamman.

A nan gaba artist aka haife shi a Barcelona a 1893. Joan ya nuna sha'awar zane tun lokacin yaro. Amma iyaye masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun ƙudiri aniyar ba wa ɗansu ilimi mai zurfi.

Lokacin da yake da shekaru 17, Joan, bisa ga nacewar mahaifinta, ya sami aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar akawu.

Maɗaukaki, rashin aikin ƙirƙira yana da illa ga lafiyar Joan. A kan bangon gajiya mai juyayi, yana fama da rashin lafiya tare da typhus.

Ya ɗauki Joan tsawon shekara guda don jinya da murmurewa daga cutar. Iyaye sun daina faɗar ra'ayinsu ga ɗansu. Kuma a karshe ya shiga cikin fasaha.

Na farko yana aiki. Fauvism da Cubism

Saurayin yana matukar son zamani. Ya kasance yana sha'awar Fauvism da Cubism.

Fauvism yana da alaƙa da magana da launuka "daji". Mafi kyawun wakilin Fauvism - Henri Matisse. Cubism hoto ne mai sauƙi na gaskiya, lokacin da aka raba hoton zuwa sassa na geometric. Anan Picasso ya rinjayi Miro sosai.

Hagu: Henri Matisse. Kifi na Zinariya. 1911 Pushkin Museum im. A.S. Pushkin, Moscow. Dama: Pablo Picasso. Violin 1912 Ibid. art-museum.ru.

Miró ya sadaukar da zane-zanensa na farko ga kyawawan Catalonia. A kan shimfidarsa akwai filayen asali, filayen noma, ƙauyuka. Haɗin kai mai ban mamaki na Fauvism da Cubism.

A cikin "Village Prades" zaka iya ganin duka Matisse da Picasso cikin sauƙi. Wannan ba har yanzu Miro da muka sani ba. Har yanzu yana neman kansa.

Kuma jama'a ba su san shi musamman ba. Baje kolin nasa na farko a shekarar 1917 bai yi nasara ba. A fili sai Spain mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ba ta shirya don irin wannan fasaha ba. Kalmomin wani mai suka game da Miro sun zo mana: “Idan wannan zane ne, to ni Velazquez".

gaskiyar waka

Miro ya yanke shawarar canza salon sa sosai. Sosai kayi mamaki. Domin mai zane ya fara aiki a cikin salon gaskiyar waka.

Yana zana shimfidar wurare, an yi shi sosai dalla-dalla. Amma ba hoto ba ne. Babu sauyi mai girma uku da santsi daga haske zuwa inuwa. Akasin haka, hoton yana lebur. Kuma kowane daki-daki kamar yana da rayuwar kansa.

Fitaccen zanen Miró a wannan salon shine Farm.

Hakika, irin wannan gaskiyar ba ta da sauƙi. Miró ya yi aiki a kan zanen na sa'o'i 8 kowace rana don watanni 9. Ernest Hemingway ne ya siyi aikin akan kudi 5000. Nasarar farko, kayan ciki har da.

Hotonsa na kansa a farkon labarin kuma an rubuta shi a cikin salon gaskiyar waka. Muna ganin kowane lanƙwasa da kowane ƙugiya akan rigar mai zane.

Amma mai zane a fili ya ji matattu. Kuma ya yanke shawarar cewa a kasarsa ba shi da inda zai kara girma.

m surrealism

A cikin 1921, Miró ya koma Paris, inda ya sadu kuma ya yi hulɗa tare da masu tayar da hankali. Kuma Miro yana canza salo a karo na uku. Tabbas, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar surrealism.

Yana ƙara ƙaura daga ba dalla-dalla ga canja wurin abubuwan sha'awa da sha'awa. Miro yana haɗa nau'i na gaske da kuma m. Da'irori, dige-dige, abubuwa kamar girgije. Kamar yadda a cikin zanen "Shugaban Baƙin Catalan".

"Shugaban Baƙin Kataloniya" ɗaya ne daga cikin mafi kyawun zane-zanen Miró na wancan lokacin. Shi da kansa ya goyi bayan jita-jita cewa ya zana ilhama daga tunaninsa. Abin da ya faru da shi a Spain a kan yanayin yunwa.

Amma da kyar lamarin ya kasance. Muna ganin layuka masu tsabta suna yin hoto. An jera komai. Ko ta yaya, irin wannan cikakkar sam bai dace da furucin rashin tunani na wanda ba ya sani ba.

A cikin shekarun nan, an halicci zanen "Carnival Harlequin".

Ba ku tsammanin yana kama da Farmakin? Irin wannan tarin cikakkun bayanai waɗanda za a iya la'akari da su tsawon sa'o'i. Waɗannan cikakkun bayanai ne kawai masu ban mamaki, a cikin ruhin surrealism.

Miro ya zo wuri guda, kawai yana ƙara ɗan surrealism na gaye. Kuma jama'ar Faransa sun ji daɗin hakan. A ƙarshe ya zo nasara. Suna magana game da shi, suna ba da misali da shi, suna kallonsa.

A 1929, Joan Miro ya yi aure. Yana da 'ya mace. Yana tallafa wa iyalinsa da aikinsa. Wannan a karshe ya sulhunta shi da iyayensa. Wanene ya fahimci yiwuwar ɗansu a matsayin mai zane.

Daga 1936 zuwa 1939 an yi rikici a cikin gida a Spain. Mai zane-zane ya amsa waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru tare da ayyuka guda biyu: babban abin tunawa "Mai girbi" (yanzu ya ɓace) da "Har yanzu Rayuwa tare da Tsohon Takalma".

Ana nuna abubuwa na yau da kullun a cikin haske mara kyau, kamar dai mai zane ya iya kama su a lokacin mutuwa.

Kuma a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Miró ya ƙirƙira shahararrun jerin taurarinsa. An riga an sami nasara a duniya. Ta wadannan taurari ne aka fi saninsa. A cikin su, ana iya ganin "Farm" da aka dade da kafa.

Ci gaba da gwaje-gwaje

Joan Miro bai iyakance kansa ga rashin gaskiya ba. Ya ci gaba da gwaji. Wasu daga cikin ayyukansa ma ana kwatanta su da Paul Klee, wani fitaccen wakilin zamani.

Hagu: Joan Miro. Alfijir. 1968 Tarin mai zaman kansa. 2 Queens.ru. Dama: Paul Klee. Furanni uku. 1920 Paul Klee Center a Bern, Switzerland. Rothko-pollock.ru.

A gaskiya ma, waɗannan ayyukan ba su da kaɗan a gama gari. Manyan wuraren launi a cikin salo Gauguin. Amma duk abin da ya bambanta. Miro fantasizes. Kuna buƙatar yin ƙoƙari sosai don ganin ainihin wayewar cikin "Alfijir". Amma Klee ya fi takamaiman. Muna iya ganin furanni a fili.

A karshen yakin duniya na biyu, Joan Miro ya gane da tsohon mafarki na Monumental art: ya halitta bango panel a cikin gidan cin abinci na Hilton Hotel.

Miro-sculptor

A halin yanzu, ana iya ganin aikin Miro a duniya. A cikin nau'i na ban mamaki sassaka. Kamar baqi ne suka halitta.

Shahararru daga cikinsu sune "Mace da Tsuntsu" a Barcelona da "Miss Chicago" a Amurka.

Hagu: "Mace da tsuntsu". 1983 Joan Miro Park a Barcelona. Ru.wikipedia.org. Dama: Miss Chicago. 1981 Downtown Chicago Loop, Amurka. TripAdvisor.ru.

Waɗannan su ne, ba shakka, manyan sassaka, kowane ƙasa da 20 m. Miro kuma yana da ƙananan sassaka, tsayin mutum 1,5. Kamar "Character" misali. Ana iya ganin kwafin marubucin nasa a duk duniya.

A cikin 1975, an buɗe Gidauniyar Joan Miró, wanda a halin yanzu yana ɗaukar ayyukan 14 na maigidan.

Ina tsammanin Miro ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan fasaha na kowane lokaci wanda ya sami damar fahimtar duk ra'ayoyinsa. Ko da yake ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ranar ƙarshe ta tsawon rayuwarsa.

Mawakin ya rasu a shekarar 1983 a gidansa dake Palma de Mallorca yana da shekaru 90 a duniya.

Joan Miro a Rasha

Gidan kayan tarihi na Rasha bai sayi ayyukansa ba. Saboda haka, daya kawai aiki "Composition", wanda aka bayar a 1927 da artist da kansa, aka ajiye a Rasha.

Yawancin ayyukansa suna cikin tarin sirri, waɗanda wani lokaci ana samun su ga jama'a. Amma har yanzu, don nazarin aikinsa, yana da kyau a je Spain da Faransa.

Bari mu taƙaita

- Joan Miro yana daya daga cikin wakilan zamani masu haske. Tare da Pablo Picasso da Paul Klee.

- Salon Miro ya canza sosai sau da yawa. A wannan shi ne na biyu kawai a Multifaceted Picasso. Ya isa a kalli wannan makirci a cikin shekaru daban-daban. Misali, uwa.

Hagu: Uwa. 1908 Marasel Museum, Spain. Dama: Uwa. 1924 National Gallery na Scotland, Edinburgh. Rothko-pollock.ru.

- Joan Miro ya fi dacewa a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mai son gaskiya. Yana da ayyuka da yawa waɗanda taken bai dace da hoton ba. Dabarar da aka fi so na masu gaskiya.

Kuma su kansu sunayen ba su da hankali, amma sosai shaci. "Murmushin fuka-fuki masu zafi"...

– Miro yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wasan fasaha waɗanda suka ɗanɗana nasara da shahara a lokacin rayuwarsu. Gadonsa babba ne. Har yanzu ana sayar da aikinsa a gwanjo.

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comments sauran masu karatu duba kasa. Yawancin lokaci suna da kyau ƙari ga labarin. Hakanan zaka iya raba ra'ayinka game da zanen da mai zane, da kuma yi wa marubucin tambaya.

Babban misali: Joan Miro. Hoton kai. 1919 Picasso Museum, Paris. autoritratti.wordpress.com.