Tattoos masu kwatanta: Tarihi, Zane-zane da masu fasaha

1. Gudanarwa
2. Styles
3. m

A cikin wannan labarin, mun bincika tarihi, salo, da masu fasaha na salon tattoo mai kwatanta.

Nan da nan ana iya ganewa saboda ingancin layi da salon, zane-zane na zane-zane na iya zama sauƙin kuskure don zane-zane mai sauƙi na fata. Tare da tushe mai zurfi a cikin ɗan adam, daga primitivism zuwa zamani, mun gano tarihi, salo da masu fasaha waɗanda suka yi amfani da fasaha na zane-zane da nau'i daban-daban don ƙirƙirar ayyukansu.

Tarihin Tattoo Mai Misali

Akwai ƙungiyoyi daban-daban da yawa a cikin tarihin zane waɗanda suka dawwamar da wannan fasaha a sahun gaba na fasaha mai kyau. Koyaya, saboda akwai masu fasaha da yawa, dabaru, da mahallin tarihi waɗanda ke cikin ɓangaren salon zanen tattoo, mun ba da haske game da abubuwan da suka fi shahara a wannan nau'in. Mun haɗa da etching da zane-zane, alamu-kamar zane-zane, zane-zane na farko na Tsoffin Masters don ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun malamai, da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun malamai, da maƙasudai na Jamusanci, da ƙari. Har ila yau, akwai dabaru daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su a cikin zane-zane na tattoo. Digadi, ɗigogi, aikin layi, shading… hanyoyin aikace-aikacen tawada sun bambanta dangane da nau'in rubutu ko yanayin da ake so. Mun yi ƙoƙari mu haɗa da hanyoyi daban-daban masu fasaha suna aiki a cikin wannan salon, amma tare da dandano na sirri da ra'ayi a zuciya, zaɓuɓɓukan sun kusan marasa iyaka!

Aikin dutse mafi tsufa yana da kusan shekaru 40,000. Yana da alama cewa bayyanar da kai ya tsufa kamar ɗan adam, kuma yayin da kuke tunanin waɗannan zane-zane za su kasance masu sauƙi, ba su da nisa. Hotunan bison a cikin kogon Altamira, wanda aka yi kwanan watan kusan 20,000 shekaru 2011 da suka gabata, cikakkun bayanai ne kuma suna bayyanawa. Nuna siffar dabbar a cikin nau'ikan cubism, suna da ban tsoro a cikin zamani. Hakanan ana iya faɗi game da Cave Chauvet, wanda aka yi fim ɗin fim ɗin Werner Herzog a cikin 30,000. Kogon Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc, wanda ke kudancin Faransa, yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun misalan zane-zane na dutsen da ke kusa da shekaru XNUMX,XNUMX da suka wuce. Motsi, ingancin layukan da aka yi, da shimfidar launi, duk wasu kyawawan misalai ne na kwatancin ɗan adam. Kuma yayin da yana iya zama kamar nisa daga tattoo mai hoto, kogon yana tabbatar da yadda wannan salon yake da hankali da kuma haɗakar da ɗan adam.

Ko da yake ana iya ganin tasirin fasahar dutsen ƙila a cikin Cubism, Abstract Expressionism da ƙari, ana ganin zane a matsayin zane na farko, wanda ya yi daidai da shawarwarin gine-gine, ko kuma a cikin tsarin tsara zane. Duk da haka, har ya zuwa yanzu, wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu masu zane suna amfani da su a matsayin wahayi ga ayyukansu. Dauki, alal misali, mutumin Vitruvian na Leonardo da Vinci. Wani zane da ya yi a ƙarshen karni na 15 wanda ke nuna madaidaicin rabon ɗan adam kamar yadda Vitruvius, tsohon masanin gine-ginen Roma ya zayyana. Ba wai kawai hoton ba, har ma da ra'ayin geometry mai tsarki sau da yawa ana amfani dashi a cikin aikin misali saboda asalinsa da hanyoyinsa. Don haka, yayin da misali sau da yawa yana da ma'anar bayyanawa, yana iya taimakawa ɗaukar ra'ayoyi da abubuwan da suka faru, ko ma a matsayin taimakon gani don talla. Babu shakka, kafin ƙirƙirar kyamara a cikin 1816, mutane ba su da hanyar isarwa ko sake haifar da gaskiya ba tare da hanyar zane ba, don haka salo da yawa sun haɓaka a duk faɗin duniya.

Salo da masu fasahar zane-zane na zane-zane

Salon etching da sassaƙa da aka fi gani a cikin baƙar fata wani ɓangare ne na zane mai hoto. Ana kuma ɗaukar yankan itace na wannan iyali. A mafi yawan lokuta, misalai na ƙayyadaddun samfurin da aka nufa sun haɗa da zane-zane a matsayin matakin farko na ƙirƙirar cikakken aiki. Odd Tattooist, Aaron Aziel da Franco Maldonado wasu masu fasaha ne waɗanda sukan yi amfani da wannan salon layi mai nauyi a cikin aikinsu. An yi wahayi zuwa ga aikin Goya, Gustave Doré, ko Albrecht Dürer, yana iya samun sahihanci ko duhu ya danganta da ɗanɗanon ɗanɗanon ɗan wasan tattoo. Masu zane-zanen da suka fi dacewa da wannan salon zanen tattoo suna amfani da alluran layi mai kyau a hade tare da dabarun zane kamar su ƙyanƙyasar giciye, ƙyanƙyashe daidai gwargwado, da kuma wani lokacin ƙananan bugun jini. Wadannan nau'ikan layi na musamman suna da kyau don sake haifar da nau'in Jawo ko kamannin ƙwanƙwasa na inabi ko kwafi.

Masu zane-zanen tattoo da aka yi wahayi ta hanyar zane-zane da zane-zane sau da yawa suna fadawa cikin nau'in Blackwork ko Dark Art. A bayyane yake dalili; masu zane-zane da masu zane-zane na baya wadanda suka rinjayi waɗannan ayyukan sun kasance masu sha'awar falsafar esoteric, alchemy da sihiri. Ana iya siffanta alamomi, aljanu, da halittun tatsuniyoyi ta hanyoyi da yawa, amma waɗannan zane-zane galibi suna dogara ne akan baki ko baki da launin toka. Alexander Grim misali ne mai kyau na wannan. Wasu masu fasaha irin su Derek Noble suna amfani da launi, amma yawanci sauti ne mai zurfi kamar ja jini ko lemu mai haske. Wasu masu fasaha irin su Kirista Casas an yi musu wahayi daga ra'ayoyi iri ɗaya kuma suna bin salo daban-daban; Haɗa Dark Art da Neo Traditional, Casas har yanzu yana kula da jarfa mai kwarjini.

Wani salon zane mai zane yana da tasiri sosai ta Jamusanci Expressionism, kyan gani wanda ya samo asali tun kafin yakin duniya na farko kuma ya yi girma a cikin 1920s. Watakila daya daga cikin manyan masu fasaha na wannan zamani da motsi shine Egon Schiele, wanda ya mutu yana da shekaru 28 a cikin 1918. Koyaya, fayil ɗin sa ya ƙarfafa masu fasaha da yawa ciki har da masu fasahar Koriya Nadia, Lizo da Panta Choi. . Wataƙila wani ɓangare na kyakkyawan yanayin kwafi na fasaha wanda a halin yanzu ke bugun al'ummar tattoo, layin bakin ciki ya dace da layukan da masu fasaha kamar Schiele da Modigliani suke da su. Akwai wasu masu zane-zanen tattoo da wannan motsi ya yi wahayi, musamman masu fasaha kamar Ernst Ludwig Kirchner da Käthe Kollwitz waɗanda aka san su da kwafi masu ban mamaki. Wadannan jarfa sau da yawa suna da layi mai kauri, amma ƙirar har yanzu tana da motsi mai ƙarfi, kamar jarfaren layi na bakin ciki.

Tabbas, duk ƙungiyoyin fasaha suna da ban sha'awa daban-daban, amma maganganun da ba a sani ba, cubism da fauvism suna da alaƙa ta kud da kud ta fuskar launi, siffa da siffa, amma kowannensu yana da nasa tasiri akan zanen zane. Mawakan da ke da hannu a waɗannan ƙungiyoyi irin su Picasso, Willem de Koonig da Cy Twombly sun ƙirƙira ayyukan da ke da matuƙar motsin rai kuma galibi masu launi sosai. Yin amfani da siffofi masu ƙima, motsin layi mai sauri, da kuma wasu lokuta kalmomi, jiki da fuskoki, waɗannan masu fasaha da motsin su suna ci gaba da ƙarfafa masu tarawa da masu fasaha iri ɗaya. Aykhan Karadag, tare da Carlo Armen da Jeff Seyferd, sun kwafi zane-zanen Picasso ko kuma sun gauraya salon sa mai karfin hali da nasu. Mai zanen Parisian Maison Matemose ƙwararren mai zane ne kuma mai kwatancen tattoo, kamar ɗan wasan Koriya Gong Greem, wanda ke amfani da launuka masu haske da siffofi kamar Kandinsky. Masu zane-zane irin su Servadio da Rita Salt suma suna raba layin inganci mai nauyi da aka zana daga asalin fursunonin furuci da abstraction. Yawanci aikinsu na alama ne, amma wannan shine kyawun aikin kwatanci: halayen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da salonsa koyaushe suna haɓaka shi.

Sana'ar Jafananci da Sinawa sun yi tasiri ga fasahar gani a duk faɗin duniya tsawon ƙarni. Sai kawai a cikin wannan nau'in akwai salo daban-daban da yawa. Layukan kira sau da yawa suna kallon kyakkyawa da maras lokaci, amma ko ta yaya daidai ke kwatanta batun da aka zaɓa. Mawaƙin Tattoo Nadia ta jingina cikin wannan salon, ta yin amfani da ma'aunin ma'aunin layi daban-daban da zane mai zane don ƙirƙirar aikinta. Irezumi, ba shakka, yana da babban tasiri akan zanen zane. Wadannan jarfa na Jafananci galibi sun zana kyawun su daga kwafin ukiyo-e na lokacin Edo. Shaci, hangen nesa, da kuma amfani da tsari duk halaye ne da aka saba samu a waɗannan kwafi. Ko da a yanzu, yawancin zane-zane na Japan suna da baƙar fata mai santsi, kamar dai mai zanen tattoo ya zana alkalami a fadin fata. Saboda yin amfani da tsari, da kuma wani lokacin launi, wannan zane yana da mahimmanci. Wannan ya sa zane-zane ya fi bayyana kuma yana riƙe da pigment. Ana amfani da fasaha na zane-zane ba kawai don kyau ba, akwai dalilan da yasa masu zane-zanen tattoo suke aiki ta wannan hanya. Tare da jarfa na Jafananci masu nuna chrysanthemums, kyawawan kimonos masu banƙyama, ko ma'aunin dodo da yawa, yana sauƙaƙa su tare da fa'ida. Wasu masu fasaha da ke aiki a cikin wannan nau'in zane-zane na zane-zane sune Chris Garver, Henning Jorgensen, Ami James, Mike Rubendall, Sergei Buslaev, Lupo Horiokami, Rion, Brindi, Luca Ortiz, Dancin da Wendy Pham.

Nan da nan kallon Irezumi, zaku iya ganin tasirin Neo Traditional, wani nau'in tattoo mai hoto. An yi wahayi zuwa ba kawai ta kwafin Ukiyo-e Irezumi iri ɗaya ba, har ma ta hanyar Art Nouveau da salon Art Deco. Musamman, salon Art Nouveau ya sami tasiri sosai ta hanyar amfani da yanayi na Jafananci azaman ra'ayi, da kuma layukan lanƙwasa masu kyau don zayyana firam, fuskoki, da tsire-tsire. Art Nouveau ya fi kyan gani da kyan gani fiye da yawancin sana'o'in Jafananci waɗanda suka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, amma kuna iya ganin kyakkyawan amfani da tsari, filigree, da kayan ado a cikin aikin masu zane-zane Hannah Flowers, Miss Juliet, da Anthony Flemming. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan masu fasaha sun wuce salon tattoo na hoto don yin kyan gani sosai, kamar Aimee Cornwell, duk da haka koyaushe kuna iya ganin walƙiya na masu fasahar nouveau. Wasu ƙwararrun masana fasaha irin su Alphonse Mucha, Gustav Klimt da Aubrey Beardsley; yawancin haifuwar aikinsu an yi su cikin tawada.

Neo-al'adar ba shine kawai salon tattoo misali da Irezumi da Ukiyo-e suka rinjayi ba. Tashin hankali na Jafananci, tare da ɗimbin tarihin kansa, an san shi sosai a ƙasashen waje ta hanyar daidaitawa na Yamma, dubs, da cibiyoyin sadarwa waɗanda suka fara amfani da wasan anime don shirye-shiryen nasu. Toonami, wanda ya fara fitowa a matsayin toshewar rana da maraice akan hanyar sadarwa ta Cartoon, ya fito da nunin nuni kamar Dragon Ball Z, Sailor Moon, Outlaw Star, da Gundam Wing. Hakanan ya faru ne saboda haɓakar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ɗakunan raye-raye kamar Studio Ghibli. Har ma a yanzu, ana buƙatar masu zane-zane da yawa don yin kwafin haruffa daga anime da manga, musamman a cikin sabon salon tattoo. Hanyoyin zane-zane na zane-zane sun haɗa da ba kawai wasan kwaikwayo na Jafananci ba, har ma da wasan kwaikwayo na duniya da kuma litattafan hoto. Jarumai masu ban mamaki sun zama abin hauka na baya-bayan nan, kuma tun daga shekarun 90s, tattoos na Disney da ke nuna fitattun haruffa ko wuraren da aka fi so sun kasance koyaushe a cikin masu tarawa. Yana da sauƙi a ga dalilin da ya sa; Ana amfani da jarfa don mutane su bayyana abin da suke so…anime, manga, comics, da Pixar sun kasance suna da wasu fitattun magoya baya masu son fenti fatar jikinsu. Yawancin anime da wasan ban dariya an fara zana… kuma yayin da yawancin fina-finai da littattafai aka samar da kwamfuta a kwanakin nan, har yanzu ana amfani da layukan da ke nuna salon zanen tattoo.

Wani salon tattoo mai kwatanci shine Chicano. Babban dalilin da ya sa yawancin ayyukan da ke cikin wannan nau'in ya zama abin misali yana da tasiri da asalinsa. Idan aka yi la’akari da tushensa a cikin fensir da zanen ballpoint, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa a salo, zane-zane ya haɗu da waɗannan fasahohin tare da kyakkyawan yanayin al'adu. Ko da yake mutane da yawa sun saba da aikin Frida Kahlo da Diego Rivera, wasu masu fasaha irin su Jesus Helguera, Maria Izquierdo da David Alfaro Siqueiros suma sun kasance a sahun gaba wajen samar da fasaha na Mexican. Ayyukansu, tare da sauran masu fasaha na Kudancin Amirka, sun fi mayar da hankali kan nuna rikice-rikicen siyasa, wakilcin iyali, da misalai na rayuwar yau da kullum. Daga baya, hanyoyin salo na zamani sun bullo waɗanda rayuwa ta yi tasiri kai tsaye a bayan sanduna. Yin amfani da ƴan kayan da suke da su a kurkuku ko kuma a cikin ginshiƙan da ke da alaƙa da filin Los Angeles, masu fasaha sun zana wahayi kai tsaye daga abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwarsu, kamar dai magabata na fasaha. Al'amuran rayuwar ƙungiyoyi, kyawawan mata, motoci masu sulke tare da haruffan filigree da giciye na Katolika da sauri sun samo asali daga zane-zane da aka zana kamar su alƙalami na ƙawancen hannaye da gadon kwanciya da ake kira Paños zuwa zane-zanen hoto. Fursunonin sun yi amfani da hazaka don harhada na'urar tattoo da aka yi a gida kuma, ta yin amfani da baƙar fata ko shuɗin tawada da ke wurinsu, suna kwatanta abin da suka fi sani. Chuco Moreno, Freddy Negrete, Chui Quintanar da Tamara Santibanez su ne kan gaba wajen yin tattoo Chicano na zamani.

Kamar yadda kake gani, tattoo mai kwatanta ya ƙunshi salo daban-daban, al'adu, labaru da ra'ayoyi. Kyakkyawan wannan nau'in tattoo shine cewa kawai yana wakiltar amfani da layi; idan tattoo ya yi kama da za a iya zana shi a kan takarda maimakon fata, tabbas yana da kwatanci. Tabbas, wasu jarfa sun fi dacewa da misali fiye da wasu, amma nau'in nau'i-nau'i, yawan nau'i-nau'i, ikon zane-zane ya fi girma ... duk abin da ke cikin wannan salon na musamman yana da ban sha'awa kuma yana da mahimmanci ga siffar tattoo.

By Justin Morrow