Takaitaccen Tarihin Kayan Aikin Tattoo

Tattoo wani nau'i ne na fasaha tare da tarihin ƙarni, kuma a cikin shekaru, an yi gagarumin canje-canje ga hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a cikin tsari. Ci gaba da karantawa don gano yadda kayan aikin tattoo suka samo asali daga tsoffin alluran tagulla da kasusuwan kasusuwa zuwa injinan tattoo na zamani kamar yadda muka san su.

tsoffin kayan aikin tattoo na Masar

An sami zane-zanen zane-zane da ke nuna dabbobi da tsoffin alloli a kan mummies na Masar waɗanda aka yi kwanan wata tsakanin 3351-3017 BC. Hakanan an yi amfani da tsarin geometric a cikin hanyar yanar gizo akan fata a matsayin kariya daga mugayen ruhohi har ma da mutuwa.

An yi waɗannan zane-zane daga launi mai tushen carbon, mai yiwuwa baƙar fata carbon, wanda aka yi masa allura a cikin dermis Layer na fata ta amfani da kayan aikin tattoo allura. Wannan yana nufin cewa ana iya rufe manyan wurare da sauri, kuma ana iya samun layuka na ɗigo ko layi tare.

Kowane wurin allura an yi shi daga tagulla mai rectangular, an naɗe shi a ciki a gefe ɗaya kuma an siffata. An ɗaure allura da dama tare, an haɗa su da igiya, sannan a tsoma su a cikin zoma don cusa ƙirar a cikin fata.

Ta Moco Instruments

Tatsuniyoyi na Polynesian sun shahara saboda kyawawan kayayyaki da dogon tarihi. Musamman ma, jarfa na Maori, wanda aka fi sani da Ta Moko, al'ada ce ta al'adar 'yan asalin New Zealand. Waɗannan rubuce-rubucen sun kasance masu tsarki sosai. Tare da mai da hankali kan tattoo fuska, an yi amfani da kowane zane don wakiltar zama na ƙayyadaddun kabila, tare da takamaiman wuri don nuna matsayi da matsayi.

A al'adance, an yi amfani da kayan aikin tattoo da ake kira ukhi, wanda aka yi daga ƙashi mai nuni tare da igiya, don ƙirƙirar ƙira na musamman. Koyaya, kafin a cire tawada mai ƙonewa, an fara yanke fata a cikin fata. Daga nan aka kori pigment ɗin cikin waɗannan furrows tare da kayan aiki mai kama da chisel ¼-inch.

Kamar sauran al'adun kabilun tsibirin Polynesia, ta-moko ta mutu ne a tsakiyar karni na 19 bayan mulkin mallaka. Koyaya, tun daga lokacin ta sami kyakkyawar farfaɗowa godiya ga Maori na zamani waɗanda ke da sha'awar kiyaye ayyukan ƙabilanci.

Dabarun Tattoo Dayak

Dayaks na Borneo wata kabila ce da ta shafe shekaru aru aru tana yin jarfa. Don jarfansu, an yi allurar ne daga ƙaya na bishiyar lemu kuma an yi tawada daga cakuda baƙar carbon da sukari. Tsarin tattoo Dayak yana da tsarki kuma akwai dalilai da yawa da ya sa wani daga wannan kabilar zai iya yin tattoo: don bikin wani lokaci na musamman, balaga, haihuwar yaro, matsayi na zamantakewa ko sha'awa, da sauransu.

kayan aikin tattoo haida

Mutanen Haida da suka zauna a wani tsibiri da ke gabar tekun yammacin Kanada na kusan shekaru 12,500. Duk da yake kayan aikin su suna tunawa da kayan aikin tebori na Jafananci, hanyar yin amfani da ita ta bambanta, kamar yadda ake yin bikin lokacin da aka haɗa tare da zaman tattoo mai tsarki.

Ta hanyar Lars Krutak: "Tattoo Haida ya yi kama da wuya a 1885. An yi ta bisa ga al'ada tare da tukwane don kammala ginin katako na itacen al'ul da ginshiƙi na gaba. Potlatches ya ƙunshi rabon kayan da mai shi (shugaban gidan) ya raba ga waɗanda suka yi ayyuka masu mahimmanci a ainihin ginin gidan. Kowace kyauta ta daga darajar shugaban gidan da iyalansa, musamman ma 'ya'yan mai gidan sun amfana. Bayan dogon musayar kaya, kowane yaro na shugaban gidan ya karbi sabon sunan Potlatch da tattoo mai tsada wanda ya ba su matsayi mai girma.

An yi amfani da dogayen sanduna da allura da aka makala don yin amfani da su, kuma an yi amfani da duwatsu masu launin ruwan kasa a matsayin tawada. Masanin ilimin ɗan adam JG Swan, wanda ya shaida bikin tattoo Haida a kusa da 1900, ya tattara yawancin kayan aikin tattoo ɗin su kuma ya rubuta cikakkun bayanai akan alamun. A kan ɗaya daga cikinsu an rubuta: “Fanti don dutse don niƙa garwashin launin ruwan kasa don yin zane ko don yin jarfa. Don fenti ana shafa shi da caviar salmon, kuma ga tattoo ana shafa shi da ruwa.

Abin sha'awa shine, mutanen Haida suna ɗaya daga cikin ƙabilun da suka yi amfani da launin ja, da kuma baƙar fata, don ƙirƙirar zanen kabilanci.

Farkon kayan aikin tattoo na zamani

Thai Sak Yant

Wannan tsohuwar al'adar tattoo ta Thai ta samo asali ne a ƙarni na 16 lokacin da Naresuan ya yi mulki kuma sojojinsa suka nemi kariya ta ruhaniya kafin yaƙi. Ya kasance sananne har yau, har ma yana da hutun addini na shekara da aka keɓe don shi.

Yant tsari ne na geometric mai tsarki wanda ke ba da albarkatu da kariya iri-iri ta hanyar zabura na addinin Buddah. A hade, "Sak Yant" yana nufin tattoo sihiri. A lokacin aikin tattoo, ana rera addu'o'i don sanya jarfa da ikon kariya na ruhaniya. An yi imani da cewa kusa da zane zuwa kai, mafi yawan sa'a kai ne.

A al'adance, sufaye na Buddha suna amfani da dogayen spikes da aka yi da bamboo mai nuni ko ƙarfe azaman kayan aikin tattoo. Anyi amfani da wannan don ƙirƙirar zane-zane kamar Sak Yant. Irin wannan tattoo na hannu yana buƙatar hannaye biyu, ɗaya don jagorantar kayan aiki da ɗayan don matsa ƙarshen sanda don allurar tawada a cikin fata. Har ila yau, a wasu lokuta ana amfani da mai don haifar da laya wanda ba zai iya gani ga wasu ba.

Jafananci tebori

Dabarar tattoo tebori ta samo asali ne tun karni na 17 kuma ta kasance sananne har tsawon ƙarni. A gaskiya ma, har zuwa kimanin shekaru 40 da suka wuce, duk tattoos a Japan an yi su da hannu.

Tebori a zahiri yana nufin "saƙa da hannu" kuma kalmar ta fito ne daga aikin katako; ƙirƙirar tambarin itace don buga hotuna akan takarda. Tattooing yana amfani da kayan aikin tattoo wanda ya ƙunshi saitin allura da aka haɗe zuwa sandar katako ko ƙarfe da aka sani da nomi.

Masu zane-zane suna aiki da Nomi da hannu ɗaya yayin da suke allurar tawada da hannu a cikin fata tare da motsin bugun murya da ɗayan hannun. Wannan tsari ne mai saurin hankali fiye da tattooing na lantarki, amma zai iya haifar da sakamako mai kyau da kuma sassaucin sauye-sauye tsakanin inuwa.

Wani mai fasaha na tebori da ke Tokyo wanda aka fi sani da Ryugen ya shaida wa CNN cewa ya ɗauki shekaru 7 kafin ya inganta wannan sana'ar: “Yana dau lokaci mai yawa don ƙware sana'ar fiye da (yin amfani da tattoo) akan mota. Ina tsammanin wannan saboda akwai sigogi da yawa kamar kusurwa, gudu, ƙarfi, lokaci da tazara tsakanin "poke".

edison alkalami

Wataƙila wanda aka fi sani da ƙirƙirar kwan fitila da kyamarar fim, Thomas Edison kuma ya ƙirƙira alkalami na lantarki a 1875. Asali an yi niyya don yin kwafi ɗaya daftarin aiki ta amfani da stencil da abin nadi na tawada, abin takaici bai taɓa kama shi ba.

Alƙalamin Edison kayan aiki ne na hannu tare da motar lantarki da aka ɗora a sama. Wannan yana buƙatar zurfin sanin baturin daga ma'aikacin don kula da shi, kuma na'urorin buga rubutu sun fi isa ga matsakaicin mutum.

Duk da haka, duk da gazawarsa ta farko, alkalami mai motsi na Edison ya kafa mataki don nau'in kayan aiki daban-daban: na'urar tattoo na farko na lantarki.

Electric Tattoo Machine O'Reilly

Shekaru 15 bayan Edison ya ƙera alƙalaminsa na lantarki, ɗan ƙasar Irish-Ba-Amurke mai zane-zane Samuel O'Reilly ya karɓi haƙƙin mallaka na Amurka don allurar tattoo ta farko a duniya. Bayan ya yi suna a masana'antar tattoo a ƙarshen 1880s, tattooing a birnin New York, O'Reilly ya fara gwaji. Manufarsa: kayan aiki don hanzarta aiwatarwa.

A cikin 1891, wahayi ta hanyar fasahar da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin alkalami Edison, O'Reilly ya ƙara allura biyu, tafki ta tawada, kuma ya sake murɗa ganga. Wannan shine yadda aka haifi na'ura mai jujjuya tattoo na farko.

Mai ikon yin hushin fata 50 a sakan daya, aƙalla 47 fiye da mafi sauri da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun, injin ya canza masana'antar tattoo kuma ya canza alkiblar kayan aikin tattoo na gaba.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, masu fasaha daga ko'ina cikin duniya sun fara ƙirƙirar na'urorin kansu. Tom Riley na Landan shine na farko da ya karɓi haƙƙin mallaka na Biritaniya don na'urar sa mai coil guda ɗaya da aka yi daga gyare-gyaren taron kararrawa, kwanaki 20 bayan O'Reilly ya karɓi nasa.

Shekaru uku bayan haka, bayan shekaru da yawa yana aiki da kayan aikin hannu, abokin hamayyar Riley Sutherland McDonald shi ma ya ba da izinin na'urar tattoo na kansa. A cikin labarin 1895 a cikin The Sketch, wani ɗan jarida ya bayyana na'urar Macdonald a matsayin "ƙaramin kayan aiki [wanda] ke yin ɗan ƙaramin sauti mai ban mamaki".

Kayan aikin tattoo na zamani

Saurin ci gaba zuwa 1929: ɗan wasan tattoo ɗan Amurka Percy Waters ya ƙirƙira injin tattoo na zamani na farko a cikin sanannen siffa. Bayan zayyana da kera nau'ikan firam guda 14, wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu ana amfani da su a yau, ya zama babban mai samar da kayan aikin tattoo a duniya.

An ɗauki ƙarin shekaru 50 kafin wani ya ba da izinin na'urar tattoo. A shekara ta 1978, 'yar ƙasar Kanada Carol "Smoky" Nightingale ta ƙera wani nagartaccen "na'urar alamar lantarki don tattoo mutane" tare da kowane nau'i na abubuwan da za a iya daidaita su.

Idan aka yi la’akari da yadda nasarorin da Edison da Nightingale suka samu na lokaci-lokaci suka taimaka wajen tsara masana’antar tattoo da ke bunƙasa a yau kamar yadda muka sani, mun kuskura mu ce kowane lokaci cikin ɗan lokaci, ƙananan koma baya na iya koyan wani abu...