Tatu: menene, tarihi kuma me yasa muke son sa sosai.

Tattoo: menene muke buƙatar sani?

Abin da tattoo? Ana iya bayyana shi azaman fasaha, aikin ado jikin tare da hotuna, zane, alamomi, masu launi ko a'a, kuma ba lallai bane cike da ma'ana.

duk da, dabarun tattoo sun canza cikin ƙarnuka, ainihin mahimmancinsa bai canza ba tsawon lokaci.

Ana yin tattoo na Yammacin Yammacin zamani ta amfani da injinan da ke ba da damar allura ta cikin fata ta allura ta musamman, wanda, yana hawa sama da ƙasa, yana iya shiga kusan milimita a ƙarƙashin fata.

Akwai allurai daban -daban a tsakanin su a fadi, dangane da amfani da su; a zahiri, kowace allura tana da takamaiman aikace -aikace don nuance, contouring ko blending.

Na'urar da ake amfani da ita don jarfa na zamani yana yin ayyuka biyu na asali akai -akai:

• Yawan tawada a cikin allura
• Ruwan ink a cikin fata (ƙarƙashin epidermis)

A lokacin waɗannan matakan, yawan motsi na allurar tattoo zai iya kaiwa daga sau 50 zuwa 3000 a minti daya.

Tarihin Tattoos

Lokacin zabar jarfa, shin kun taɓa yin mamakin menene ainihin asalin sa?

A yau, ana ƙara amfani da jarfa azaman hanyar bayyana kai a jiki.

Duk da wannan, har yanzu ana iya samun waɗanda ke juyar da hancinsu a gabansu saboda rashin bayanai ko son zuciya game da ainihin ma'anar wannan fasaha.

A zahiri, jarfa shine ainihin hanyar sadarwa, don fuskantar wani abu mai mahimmanci kuma wanda ba a iya mantawa da shi, don gane kan ku a matsayin memba na ƙungiya, addini, akida, amma kuma hanya ce kawai don zama mafi farantawa ado ko kawai bi yanayin.

Kalmar tattoo ta fara bayyana a tsakiyar tsakiyar shekarun 700 bayan gano tsibirin Tahiti da kyaftin ɗin Ingila James Cook. Yawan mutanen wannan wuri a baya sun yi nuni ga aikin yin tattoo tare da kalmar Polynesia "tau-tau", wanda aka canza shi cikin haruffa zuwa "Tattoou", yana daidaita shi da yaren Ingilishi. Bugu da kari, babu kokwanto cewa yin zane -zane yana da asali mai tsufa sosai, har zuwa shekaru 5.000 da suka gabata.

Few matakan tarihi:

• A 1991, an same shi a wani yanki mai tsayi tsakanin Italiya da Austria. Maman Similaun ya koma shekaru 5.300 da suka wuce. Yana da jarfa a jikinsa, wanda daga nan aka yi masa X-ray, kuma ya bayyana cewa mai yiwuwa an yi rabe-rabe don dalilai na warkarwa, saboda ana iya lura da lalacewar kashi a daidai wuraren da jarfa.
• A cikiEgyptasar Misira Masu rawa suna da ƙira iri ɗaya kamar na jarfa, kamar yadda aka gani a wasu mummies da zane -zane da aka samu a cikin 2.000 BC.
• Il Mutanen Celtic ya aikata bautar gumakan dabbobi kuma, a matsayin alamar sadaukarwa, ya zana gumakan iri ɗaya a cikin siffar jarfa a jikinsa.
• .Идение Mutanen Roman a tarihi, wannan ya kasance alamar tattoos kawai ga masu laifi da masu zunubi. Daga baya ne, bayan da suka yi mu'amala da mutanen Birtaniyya waɗanda suka yi amfani da jarfa a jikinsu a yaƙi, suka yanke shawarar ɗaukar su a cikin al'adunsu.
• Bangaskiyar Kirista ta yi amfani da aikin sanya alamun addini a goshi a matsayin alamar ibada. Daga baya, a lokacin tarihin Yaƙin Crusades, sojojin sun kuma yanke shawarar yin jarfa a can. Urushalima gicciyeda za a gane a yayin mutuwa a yaƙi.

Tattoo darajar

A cikin tarihi, aikin jarfa koyaushe yana da ma'anar ma'anar alama. Wahala mai alaƙa, sashi mai mahimmanci kuma mai mahimmanci, koyaushe yana bambanta hangen nesa daga gabas, Afirka da na teku.

A zahiri, a cikin dabarun Yammacin Turai, ana rage zafi, yayin da a cikin wasu al'adun da aka ambata, yana samun mahimmancin ma'ana da ƙima: zafi yana kawo mutum kusa da gogewar mutuwa, kuma, ta hanyar tsayayya da shi, yana iya fitar da shi.

A zamanin da, duk wanda ya yanke shawarar yin tattoo ya dandana wannan ƙwarewar azaman al'ada, gwaji ko farawa.

An yi imanin, alal misali, masu sihiri, masu sihiri ko firistoci sun yi jarfa na farko a wuraren da aka ji zafi, kamar baya ko makamai.

Tare da ciwo, akwai kuma alamar alaƙa da zubar da jini yayin aikin.

Jini mai gudana yana alamta rayuwa, sabili da haka zubar da jini, koda kuwa iyakantacce ne kuma mara mahimmanci, yana kwaikwayon ƙwarewar mutuwa.

Dabbobi da al'adu iri -iri

Tun zamanin da, dabarun da ake amfani da su don yin jarfa sun bambanta kuma suna da halaye daban -daban dangane da al'adun da aka yi su. Tsarin al'adu shine abin da ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga bambancin dabaru, tunda, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, canjin yana cikin gogewa da ƙimar da aka danganta da zafin da ke tattare da aikin. Bari mu kalle su musamman:

• Dabarun Teku: a yankuna irin su Polynesia da New Zealand, an yi amfani da kayan aiki mai kama da rake tare da hakoran kashi masu kaifi a ƙarshen don shiga cikin fata da aka samu ta hanyar jan da sarrafa goro na kwakwa.
• Tsohuwar Inuit Fasaha: Inuit ya yi amfani da allurar da aka yi da ƙashi don yin zaren cinchona, an rufe shi da zaren da zai iya ba da launi kuma ya shiga fata ta hanyar fasaha.
• Fasaha ta Jafananci: An kira shi tebori kuma ya ƙunshi yin tattooing hannayensu da allura (titanium ko karfe). An haɗe su da ƙarshen sandar bamboo wanda ke juyawa baya da baya kamar buroshi, yana huda fata gaba ɗaya, amma yana da zafi sosai. Yayin aikin, mai zanen zanen yana kiyaye fatar jikin don ya sami damar tallafawa fata da kyau yayin wucewa allura. Da zarar, allura ba ta cirewa kuma ba za a iya cire su ba, amma a yau yana yiwuwa a inganta yanayin tsabta da aminci. Sakamakon da za a iya samu tare da wannan dabarar ta bambanta da injin na gargajiya saboda yana da ikon samar da tabarau daban -daban na launi, ko da ya ɗauki tsawon lokaci. Har yanzu ana yin wannan dabarar a Japan a yau, musamman tare da baƙar fata (sumi) haɗe da Ba'amurke (yamma). 
• Fasaha Samoan: kayan ibada ne mai raɗaɗi, galibi ana tare da bukukuwa da waƙoƙi. Ana yin haka kamar haka: mai yin wasan yana amfani da kayan kida guda biyu, ɗaya daga cikinsu tamkar tsefewar ƙashi ne da riƙon da ke ɗauke da allura 3 zuwa 20, ɗayan kuma kayan aiki ne mai kama da sanda da ake amfani da shi.

Na farko an yi masa ciki da launin da aka samu daga sarrafa shuke -shuke, ruwa da mai, kuma aka tura shi da sanda don huda fata. A bayyane yake, a cikin duk aikin motsa jiki, fata dole ne ta kasance mai ɗorewa don samun nasarar aikin.

• Dabarar Thai ko Kambodiya: yana da dadadden tarihi mai mahimmanci a cikin wannan al'ada. A cikin yaren gida ana kiransa "Sak Yant" ko "tattoo mai alfarma", wanda ke nufin ma'ana mai zurfi wanda ya zarce tsari mai sauƙi akan fata. Ana yin tattoo na Thai ta amfani da dabarar bamboo. ta wannan hanyar: ana tsoma sanda mai kaifi (sak mai) tawada sannan a ɗora akan fata don ƙirƙirar zane. Wannan dabarar tana da azabtar da jin zafi, wanda kuma ya dogara da yankin da aka zaɓa.
• Fasaha ta Yamma (Amurka): Wannan ita ce mafi ƙira da fasahar zamani da aka ambata, wanda ke amfani da injin allurar lantarki wanda ke sarrafa murɗaɗɗen lantarki ko murɗa ɗaya mai juyawa. Wannan ita ce mafi ƙarancin dabara mai raɗaɗi a halin yanzu da ake amfani da ita, juyin halittar zamani na alkalamin lantarki na Thomas Edison na 1876. Patent na farko don injin lantarki da ke iya yin tattoo ya samo asali ne daga Samuel O'Reilly a cikin 1891 a Amurka, wanda ƙira Edison ya yi wahayi sosai. Koyaya, ra'ayin O'Reilly bai daɗe ba saboda motsi na juyawa kadai. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ɗan Ingilishi Thomas Riley ya ƙirƙira injin ɗin tattoo iri ɗaya ta amfani da electromagnets, wanda ya kawo canji a duniyar tattoo. An inganta wannan kayan aikin na ƙarshe kuma an aiwatar dashi akan lokaci don haɓaka aikin fasaha, har zuwa mafi sabuntawa da sigar da ake amfani da ita a halin yanzu.