Haɗu da mafi girman lu'u-lu'u da aka samu a duniya

lu'u-lu'u yana haifar da yawan sha'awa da motsin rai, yana da alama wani abu ne na sihiri, mai ban mamaki - kuma kawai nau'in carbon ne a cikin nau'i na crystalline. Wannan dutse mai daraja sosaidomin galibi yana bayyana ne kawai a zurfin sama da mita dari da hamsin daga saman duniya. An kafa lu'u-lu'u a ƙarƙashin rinjayar matsanancin zafin jiki da matsa lamba. shi abu mafi wuya a duniyaGodiya ga wannan, ban da kayan ado, ana iya samun nasarar amfani da shi a cikin masana'antu.

Takaitaccen Tarihin Diamond

Da zarar an goge, lu'u-lu'u ya zama mai haske, mai kyan gani, mai tsabta da cikakke, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yana da kyau sosai kuma mai daraja a cikin kayan ado. Na dogon lokaci wannan abu yana da daraja sosai. Yana da alaƙa da ƙasashe irin su Indiya, Masar, sannan Girka, inda Alexander the Great ya kawo waɗannan duwatsu - kuma ba shakka Afirka. Lodewijk van Berken shine farkon wanda ya gabatar da hanyar goge lu'u-lu'u. A zamanin da an yi imani da cewa gemstone yana da babban ikon sirri. An yi imani da kariya daga cututtuka da aljanu. Duk da haka, a cikin foda, likitoci sun yi amfani da shi don magance cututtuka daban-daban.

Mafi girman lu'u-lu'u a duniya - Cullinan

Mafi girman lu'u-lu'u ana kiransa Cullinan. ko Babban Tauraron Afirka. Mai gadi na Frederick Wells ne ya gano shi. Hakan ya faru ne a birnin Pretoria na kasar Afirka ta Kudu. Yankin da ke cikin sigar farko ya auna nauyin carats 3106 (gram 621,2!), Da girmansa 10x6x5 cm.

A bayyane yake, a farkon ma ya fi girma, an raba shi - da wane ko me, ba a sani ba. Duk da haka, a cikin lokuttan baya dutsen bai kasance da wannan girman ba. Gwamnatin Transvaal ta sayi wannan gem akan £150. A cikin 000, an ba da shi ga Sarki Edward VII a lokacin bikin cikarsa shekaru 1907. Sarki Edward ya umarci kamfanin kasar Holland da ya raba dutsen zuwa kashi 66 – 105 kanana da 96 manya, wadanda aka sarrafa su. An ba da su ga baitulmalin London, sa'an nan, tun 6, an yi musu ado da alamar jihar a cikin nau'i na lu'u-lu'u.

Babban ma'adinan - an sami lu'u-lu'u mafi girma na Cullinan a nan

An gano Cullinan a ma'adinan Premier (tun daga shekara ta 2003 mai suna Cullinan a Afirka ta Kudu), wanda ke da nisan kilomita 25 gabas da babban birnin Afirka ta Kudu Pretoria. An gano lu'u-lu'u a cikin 1905, kasa da shekaru 2 bayan fara cikakken aiki na ma'adinan, wanda a cikin tarihinsa na karni na karshe yana da mafi girman adadin lu'u-lu'u sama da carats 100 (fiye da duwatsu 300) da fiye da 25% na duka. m lu'u-lu'u. sama da carats 400 da aka taba ganowa.

Fitattun lu'u-lu'u da aka haƙa a ma'adinan Premier sun haɗa da:

1) Taylor-Burton (240,80 carats); 2) Premier Rose (353,90 carats); 3) Niarchos (426,50 carats); 4) Karni (599,10 carats); 5) Jubilee na Zinariya (755,50, 6 carats); 27,64) Zuciyar dawwama (11 carats), shuɗi mai zurfi da XNUMX ƙarin lu'u-lu'u masu shuɗi waɗanda suka haɗa da sanannen De Beers Millennium Collection De Beers.

Premier mine tsawon shekaru dari ta shiga cikin tashin hankali. An rufe shi a karon farko cikin shekaru biyu bayan barkewar yakin duniya na farko a shekara ta 1914. Ma'adinan, wanda aka sani da masana'antu a matsayin "Babban damuwa" ko "Babban Ramin", an sake rufe shi a cikin 1932. Ta bude. da kuma rufe (shi ma bai yi aiki ba a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu) ya fara rasa muhimmancinsa har zuwa 1977, lokacin da De Beers ya karbe shi. Bayan kamawa, an yanke shawara mai haɗari don karya ta hanyar dutsen dutsen mai tsaunuka na mita 70, tare da toshe hanyar shiga dutsen kimberlite da ke a zurfin 550 m a cikin bututun hayaki na kimberlite, shirin kuma ya haɗa da amfani da dutsen kimberlite, ko kuma. a maimakon haka, blue earth - blue earth, wanda shi ne ainihin lu'u-lu'u breccia, idan kawai lu'u-lu'u ajiya aka samu, da cin zarafi na tattalin arziki riba. Hadarin ya biya kuma ma'adinan ya fara biya. A cikin 2004, ma'adinan Cullinan ya samar da carats miliyan 1,3 na lu'u-lu'u. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da ajiyar kuɗin a zurfin mita 763, yayin da ake ci gaba da bincike kan yanayin ƙasa da kuma aikin shirye-shiryen zurfafa ramin zuwa zurfin ƙasa da m 1100. Wannan zai ba da damar hako lu'u-lu'u a wurin da ya fi shahara a duniya. an kara tsawon shekaru 20-25.

Tarihi da makomar lu'u-lu'u mafi girma a duniya

A ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1905, manajan Firayim Minista, Kyaftin Frederick Wells, ya gano wani katon lu'u-lu'u a cikin wani karamin bakin ciki a bakin dutsen. Nan take labarin gano wannan lamari ya shiga hannun ‘yan jaridu, inda aka kiyasta darajar lu’u-lu’u a kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 4-100, wanda hakan ya haifar da karuwar hannun jarin Premier (Transvaal) Diamond Mining Ltd da kashi 80 cikin dari. da aka samo Cullinan crystal don girmama Sir Thomas Major Cullinan, darektan kamfani kuma mai binciken ma'adinai.

TM Cullinan ya bayyana a cikin 1887 a Johannesburg (Afirka ta Kudu) a matsayin daya daga cikin mahalarta masu yawa a cikin "guduwar zinare", wanda ya kawo dubban masu hakar gwal da masu kasada zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Cullinan hamshakin dan kasuwa ya fara aikinsa na dan kasuwa ne ta hanyar gina sansanonin masu ziyara daga ko'ina cikin duniya, sannan kauyuka da garuruwa baki daya, inda ya yi arziki. A farkon 90s, shi da gungun abokansa sun kafa Driekopjes Diamond Meeting Co., wanda ya yi bincike da yawa na lu'u-lu'u, kuma ayyukansa sun katse a cikin Nuwamba 1899 ta barkewar yakin tsakanin Boers (Afrikaners, zuriyar 'yan mulkin Holland). wanda ya zauna a cikin karni na 1902 a Afirka ta Kudu) tare da Birtaniya (wanda ake kira Yaƙin Boer na Biyu). Bayan yakin, Cullinan, a yayin da yake ci gaba da aikin bincikensa, ya gano wani wurin ajiyar lu'u-lu'u a kusa da babban birnin kasar Afirka ta Kudu Pretoria a yankin Transvaal, lardin da 'yan Holland ke mulki a lokacin. Ruwan koguna masu yawa ne suka ciyar da ajiyar lu'u-lu'u, waɗanda tushensu ke kan gonar Elandsfontein, mallakar W. Prinsloo. A cikin shekaru da yawa, Prinsloo ya ci gaba da yin watsi da tayin da yawa masu fa'ida don sake siyar da gonar. Duk da haka, ƙarshen yakin Boer na biyu a watan Mayu XNUMX da kuma canja wurin Traswall zuwa ikon Birtaniyya yana nufin cewa sojojin Ingila masu nasara sun lalata gonar, ta fada cikin lalacewa na kudi, kuma jim kadan bayan haka, mai shi ya mutu cikin talauci.   

Cullinan ya ba wa magada Prinsloo £150 don haƙƙin hayar hayar gonar ta dindindin (ana iya biyan kuɗi a cikin kashi-kashi) ko $000 a tsabar kuɗi don sake siyar da gonar. A ƙarshe, a ranar 45 ga Nuwamba, 000, Cullinan ya sayi gonar a kan £7 kuma ya canza sunan kamfaninsa Driekopjes Diamond Mining Premier (Transvaal) Diamond Mining Co. Daga cikin wadanda suka kafa da masu hannun jarin kamfanin akwai Bernard Oppenheimer, babban yaya na Ernest Oppenheimer, daga baya darektan De Beers Consolidated Mines.

A cikin wata biyu aka tono shi. 187 carats na lu'u-lu'u wanda aka tabbatar ta hanyar gano madaidaicin bututun kimberlite. A watan Yunin 1903, gwamnatin Transvaal ta sanya harajin kashi 60 cikin 749 kan ribar da kamfanin ke samu, wanda a karshen shekarar ya samar da carat na lu'u-lu'u 653 wanda darajarsa ta kai fam 667.

Ganowar Cullinan a cikin 1905 ya haifar da babban abin mamaki.wanda ya zama tushen ƙididdiga masu yawa da ban mamaki, zato da labarai. Misali, a wata hira, Dr. Molengraaf, shugaban hukumar hakar ma'adinai ta Afirka ta Kudu, ya bayyana cewa "Cullinan daya ne kawai daga cikin guda hudu na crystal da aka samu, kuma sauran guda 3 masu girman makamancin haka sun kasance a cikin gado." Duk da haka, ba a tabbatar da wannan bayanin ba.

A watan Afrilun 1905, an tura Cullinan zuwa taron Diamond Prime Minister's (Transvaal) na London, S. Neuman & Co., inda ya zauna na tsawon shekaru biyu, domin wannan shine tsawon lokacin da kwamitin majalisar dokokin Transwald ya yanke shawarar siyan lu'u-lu'u. . A wancan lokacin, shugabannin Afrikaner, Generals L. Botha da J. Smuts, suna tattaunawa da hukumomin Biritaniya, domin matsawa hukumar lamba da amincewarta na sayar da dutsen. A ƙarshe, sa baki na sirri na Mataimakin Sakatare na Mallaka, wanda daga baya ya zama Firayim Minista na Burtaniya. Birtaniya W. Churchill, a sakamakon amincewar hukumar a watan Agusta 2, don sayar da Cullinan ga 1907 150. Fam. Sarkin Burtaniya Edward II, ta hannun Sakataren Gwamnati na Lord Elgin, ya bayyana wani kuduri mai katsewa kuma da yardar rai ya ba da damar karɓar lu'u-lu'u a matsayin kyauta a matsayin "tabbacin aminci da haɗin kai ga mutanen Transvaal ga kursiyin da kuma mulkin mallaka. sarki."

Rikici kan nauyin mafi girman lu'u-lu'u

Ko da yake Cullinan yana daya daga cikin shahararrun lu'u-lu'u a tarihi.Ko da yake an yi rubuce-rubuce da kyau game da kaddarorinsa da asalinsa, an yi ta muhawara da yawa game da yawan sa. Sun taso ne saboda rashin ka'idojin kasa da kasa da kuma daidaita ma'auni na taro a cikin carats. "Carat Turanci", wanda ya dace da nauyin 0,2053 g, da kuma "Carat Dutch" na 0,2057 g sun bambanta da "metric carat" na 0,2000 g.

An auna Cullinan da zarar an gano nauyin a ofishin 'yan uwan ​​Firayim Minista 3024,75 Turanci caratssannan aka auna a ofishin kamfanin na Landan yana da adadin carats 3025,75 na Ingilishi. Bambance-bambancen carat guda ɗaya a cikin wannan yanayin ya taso ne saboda rashin halatta doka da tilas na ma'auni da ma'auni. An auna Cullinan kafin rabuwa a J. Asscher & Co. a Amsterdam a 1908 yana auna 3019,75 Dutch carats ko 3013,87 carats Turanci (2930,35 metric carats).

Cullinan yankan Diamond

Gano Cullinan a Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 1905 ya zo daidai da ƙoƙarin Janar L. Boti da ɗan jam'iyyar Afirka ta Kudu J. Smuts don ƙirƙirar Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu. Sun yi nasarar yin tasiri ga gwamnatin Transvaal don ba da Cullinan ga Sarki Edward VII na Ingila (r. 1901-1910) a matsayin ranar haihuwa a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 1907. Wannan kyautar a lokacin tana da daraja $150. Fam Sterling ya yi fatan cewa lu'u-lu'u, a cikin darajarsa, zai wakilci "Babban Afirka" wanda ke son zama wani muhimmin bangare na kambin Birtaniya.

J. Asher & Co., Ltd. A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1908, ta fara bincika lu'u-lu'u, wanda ya bayyana kasancewar nau'i biyu da ake iya gani a ido tsirara. Bayan kwanaki hudu ana bincike don tantance alkiblar rabuwar, sai aka fara aikin rarrabuwar kawuna. Wuka ta karye a farkon gwajin, lu'u-lu'u kuma ya karye biyu a gwaji na gaba. Daya daga cikinsu ya auna 1977,50 1040,50 da sauran 2029,90 1068,89 Dutch carats (14 1908 da 2 1908 metric carats bi da bi). A ranar 29 ga Fabrairu, 20, an ƙara raba lu'u-lu'u mafi girma zuwa sassa biyu. Nika na Cullinan na fara a ranar 7 ga Maris, 12, kuma an fara niƙa na Cullinan II a watan Mayu 1908 na wannan shekarar. Dukkanin aikin sarrafa lu'u-lu'u an sarrafa shi ta hanyar mai yankewa tare da shekaru 1908 na ƙwarewar aiki H. Koe. Aiki a kan Cullinan Na dade sama da watanni 14 kuma an kammala shi a ranar XNUMX ga Satumba, XNUMX, yayin da Cullinan II da sauran lu'u-lu'u "manyan tara" aka goge a ƙarshen Oktoba, XNUMX. Masu niƙa uku sun yi aiki na sa'o'i XNUMX kowannensu, suna niƙa duwatsun. kullum.

An gabatar da Cullinan I da II ga Sarki Edward VII a fadar Windsor ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1908. Sarkin ya hada da lu'u-lu'u a cikin kayan ado na kambi, kuma sarkin ya sanya wa mafi girma daga cikinsu sunan Babban Tauraron Afirka. Sauran duwatsun kyauta ne daga sarki zuwa gidan sarauta: Cullinan VI kyauta ce ga matarsa, Sarauniya Alexandra, sauran lu'u-lu'u kuma kyauta ne ga 'yar'uwar Sarauniya Maryamu a lokacin bikin nadin sarautar mijinta George V a matsayin Sarkin sarakuna. Ingila.

An murƙushe ɗanyen Cullinan gabaɗaya 9 manyan duwatsu masu nauyin 1055,89 carats., wanda aka ƙidaya daga I zuwa IX, wanda aka sani da "manyan tara", akwai ƙananan lu'u-lu'u 96 tare da nauyin nauyin 7,55 carats da 9,50 carats na sassa marasa yanke. A matsayin lada don goge J. Asher, ya karɓi ƙananan lu'u-lu'u 96. A farashin yankan lu'u-lu'u na yanzu, Usher ya karɓi jimlar dalar Amurka dubu da yawa don ayyukan sa. Ya sayar da dukkan lu'u-lu'u ga abokan ciniki daban-daban, ciki har da Firayim Ministan Afirka ta Kudu Louis Botha da Arthur da Alexander Levy, fitattun dillalan lu'u-lu'u na London.

Gemological halaye na Cullian

Tun daga farkon 80s, Crown jewelers daga Garrard & Co. koyaushe suna tsaftace kuma, idan ya cancanta, suna gyara Jewels Crown na Biritaniya waɗanda aka ajiye a Hasumiyar London a cikin Fabrairu. A cikin 1986-89, baya ga adana duwatsu masu daraja, an kuma gudanar da bincikensu a ƙarƙashin jagorancin A. Jobbins, darektan dogon lokaci na Laboratory Testing Gem na Burtaniya - GTLGB (yanzu GTLGA - Gem Testing Laboratory of Birtaniya). -AMMA). An buga sakamakon binciken a cikin 1998 a cikin juzu'i biyu mai suna The Crown Jewels: A History of the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London Jewel House, wanda aka buga a cikin kwafi 650 kawai akan £1000.

Cullinan I - halaye

An tsara lu'u-lu'u da hag na zinare mai rawaya, wanda aka yi masa kambi da sandar sarauta mai goyan bayan kambi da giciye. An yi sandan sarauta a cikin 1660-61 amma an sabunta shi sau da yawa, musamman a cikin 1910 lokacin da masu jewelers na Garrard & Co. Kullin I.

• taro - 530,20 carats.
• Nau'i da siffar yanke - zato, kyakyawan digo mai siffa mai fuskoki 75 (41 a cikin kambi, 34 a cikin rumfar), mai fuskantar rondist.
• girma - 58,90 x 45,40 x 27,70 mm.
• launi - D (bisa ga ma'aunin GIA), Kogin + (bisa ga ma'aunin Tsohuwar Sharuɗɗan).
• tsabta - ba a bayyana a fili ba, amma an haɗa dutsen a cikin ajin Sojan Sama.
• Yana da wadannan alamomin haihuwa ciki da waje (Hoto 1):

1) ƙananan alamun guntu guda uku: ɗaya a kan kambi kusa da sulfur da biyu a cikin rumfar kan babban bevel na rumfar kusa da collet; 2) ƙarin bevel a gefen Rondist na kambi; 3) karamin yanki na granularity na ciki mara launi kusa da rondist.

• Lu'u-lu'u da aka yanke, wanda, duk da haka, saboda dalilai masu yawa na tarihi da na jin dadi ba za a iya yin shi ba (ƙimar tarihi na musamman, lu'u-lu'u na kambi, alamar ikon mulkin Birtaniya, da dai sauransu), zai kasance da ƙananan nauyi, amma da an lissafta cikin mafi girman tsaftar aji FL (marasa aibu).
• rabbai da yanke inganci - ba a bayyana a fili ba.
• haske - rauni, kore launin toka don gajeren raƙuman ultraviolet radiation.
• phosphorescence - rauni, kore tare da dogon lokaci na kusan mintuna 18.
• sha bakan - na al'ada don nau'in lu'u-lu'u na II, tare da cikakken ɗaukar radiation a ƙasa 236 nm (Fig. 2).
• infrared bakan - dabi'a don lu'u-lu'u masu tsabta ba tare da wani ƙazanta ba, na nau'in IIa (Fig. 3).
• ma'ana - RASHIN TSARKI.

Cullinan II - halaye

An tsara lu'u-lu'u da hag a cikin zinare mai launin rawaya, wanda shine tsakiyar kambi na Burtaniya. An yi kambi a cikin 1838 kuma an tsara Cullinan II a ciki a cikin 1909. Bayyanar zamani na kambi ya samo asali daga 1937, lokacin da don nadin sarauta na George VI an sake gina shi ta hanyar jewelers daga Garrard & Co., sannan aka gyara. a 1953 ta Sarauniya Elizabeth II (tsawonta ya ragu sosai).

• taro - 317,40 carats.
• nau'i da siffar incision - zato, tsohon lu'u-lu'u, da ake kira "tsohuwar" (eng. Kushion) tare da 66 facets (33 kowanne a cikin kambi da kuma rumfa), faceted rondist.
• girma - 45,40 x 40,80 x 24,20 mm.
• launi - D (bisa ga ma'aunin GIA), Kogin + (bisa ga ma'aunin Tsohuwar Sharuɗɗan).
• tsabta - kamar yadda yake a cikin Cullinan I, babu wata ma'anar ma'anar, amma dutsen yana cikin ajin Sojan Sama. Yana da siffofi na ciki da na waje masu zuwa (Fig. 4):

1) ƙananan alamomi guda biyu na guntu a gefen gaba na gilashin; 2) hasken haske akan gilashin; 3) ƙaramin ƙarin bevel a kan chamfer kusa da sulfur daga gefen rumfar; 4) ƙananan lahani guda biyu (ramuka), an haɗa su ta hanyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin guntu tare da gefen gaba na gilashin da babban kambi; 5) ƙaramin ƙwanƙwasa a gefen rondist na kambi kusa da rondist, an haɗa shi da na halitta.

• Lu'u-lu'u mai gogewa kamar Cullinan Ni za a sanya ni da shi mafi girman tsaftar aji FL (marasa aibu).
• rabbai da yanke inganci - ba a bayyana a fili ba.
• haske - rauni, kore launin toka don gajeren raƙuman ultraviolet radiation.
• phosphorescence - rauni, kore; idan aka kwatanta da Cullinan I, ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, kaɗan kawai. Tun da aka yanke lu'u-lu'u biyu daga cikin lu'u-lu'u guda ɗaya, al'amarin da ke haskaka ɗayan duwatsun idan babu phosphorescence a ɗayan yana da ban sha'awa sosai kuma har yanzu ba a bayyana dalilansa ba.
• sha bakan - na al'ada don nau'in lu'u-lu'u na II, wanda aka kwatanta da ƙananan nau'in shayarwa tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 265 nm da cikakken sha na radiation a kasa 236 nm (Fig. 2).
• infrared bakan - kamar yadda yake a cikin Cullinan I, wanda ya dace da lu'u-lu'u masu tsabta ba tare da wani ƙazanta ba, wanda aka lasafta shi azaman nau'in IIa (Fig. 3).
• ma'ana - ARZIKI

Shinkafa 3 Cullinan I da II - bakan sharar infrared (bisa ga The Cullinan Diamond Centennial K. Scarratt & R. Shor, Gems & Gemmology, 2006)

A carats 3106, Cullinan shine mafi girman lu'u-lu'u a duniya. A cikin 2005, shekaru 2008 sun shude tun ranar da aka gano ta, kuma a cikin shekaru 530,20 - daga ranar da aka goge ta J. Asher. 546,67 carat Cullinan I shine mafi girma na biyu mafi girma bayan 546,67 carat Golden Jubilee ruwan kasa lu'u-lu'u da aka samu a Premier Mine, bayan Jubilee 1990 carat ruwan lu'u-lu'u lu'u-lu'u da aka samu a Premier Mine (Cullinan) (Afirka ta Kudu) da kuma yanke a XNUMX, Cullinan I ya kasance mafi girman lu'u-lu'u mara launi. The Cullinan I da II sune mafi shaharar duwatsu masu daraja a duniya, suna jan hankalin miliyoyin masu yawon bude ido zuwa gidan tarihi na Hasumiyar Tsaro da ke Landan kowace shekara. Sun mamaye wani fitaccen wuri kuma mafi mahimmanci a tsakanin Kambin Jewels na Biritaniya, kuma godiya ga ɗimbin tarihinsu, sun kasance alamar almara na daular Biritaniya a tsayin ƙarfinta.

Babban Tara na Mafi Girma Diamonds - The Cullinans

Kullin I (Great Star of Africa) - ɗigon carat 530,20 wanda aka tsara a cikin sandar Sarki (Royal) tare da Cross, a halin yanzu a cikin tarin Hasumiyar London.Kullin II (Tauraro na Biyu na Afirka) wani tsohon tarihi ne mai girman carat rectangular mai girman carat 317,40, wanda masarautar Imperial ta tsara, a halin yanzu a cikin tarin Hasumiyar London.Kullin III - digo mai nauyin carats 94,40 wanda kambin Sarauniya Maryamu, matar Sarki George V; a halin yanzu a cikin tarin sirri na Sarauniya Elizabeth II.Kullin IV - tsohuwar tsohuwar murabba'i mai nauyin carats 63,60 wanda aka tsara ta kambi na Sarauniya Maryamu, matar Sarki George V; a halin yanzu a cikin tarin sirri na Sarauniya Elizabeth II.Kullin V - wata zuciya mai girman carat 18,80 wanda aka ƙera da wani ɗan tsumma na Sarauniya Elizabeth II.Kullin VI - Marquise mai nauyin carats 11,50, wanda aka tsara da abin wuya wanda na Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu.Cullinan VII - wani rumfa mai girman carat 8,80 wanda Cullinan VIII ya yi a cikin abin wuyan hannu wanda na Sarauniya Elizabeth II.Cullinan VIII - gyara kayan gargajiya mai nauyin carats 6,80 wanda Cullinan VII ya tsara a cikin abin wuya wanda na Sarauniya Elizabeth II.Kullin IX - hawaye mai nauyin carats 4,39 wanda zoben Sarauniya Maryamu, matar Sarki George V; a halin yanzu a cikin tarin sirri na Sarauniya Elizabeth II.

Ina suke a yau kuma ta yaya ake amfani da cullinans, mafi girman lu'u-lu'u?

Tarihin Cullinan yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da tarihin kambi na Biritaniya Jewels.. Tsawon karni uku, an yi amfani da rawani biyu don nadin sarautar sarakuna da sarauniyar Ingila, kambin jiha da abin da ake kira "kambi Edward", kambi na sarauta na Charles II. An yi amfani da wannan kambi a matsayin kambi na sarauta har zuwa lokacin George III (1760-1820). A lokacin nadin sarautar dan Sarauniya Victoria, Sarki Edward VII (1902), an so a maido da wannan al'ada. Duk da haka, yayin da sarkin ke murmurewa daga rashin lafiya mai tsanani, an yi watsi da kambi mai nauyi, wanda kawai aka ɗauka a lokacin bikin nadin sarauta. An ci gaba da al'adar ne kawai tare da nadin sarautar ɗan Edward, King George V, wanda ya yi mulki daga 1910-1936. A yayin bikin nadin sarauta, an rika musayar kambin Edward da kambin jiha. Hakazalika an nada Sarki George na shida (ya rasu a shekara ta 1952) da diyarsa, Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu, wadda har yanzu take mulki har zuwa yau, Tarihin Sarautar Daular Masarautar ta fara ne daga Sarauniya Victoria, wacce ta yi sarauta daga 1837 zuwa 1901. Tun da ba ta son rawanin matan da ake da su, ta nemi a yi mata sabon kambi domin nadin sarautar ta. Don haka sai ta ba da umarnin cire duwatsu masu daraja daga cikin tsofaffin kayan ado a yi musu ado da sabon kambi - kambin jiha. A lokacin bikin nadin sarauta, Victoria ta yi sabon kambi ne kawai da aka yi mata. Wannan dutsen dutse mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa ya kasance alama ce mai ban mamaki da ban mamaki na ikon Victorian.Tun da aka samo Cullinan kuma an goge shi, mafi girma Cullinan na yanzu yana ƙawata sandar Biritaniya, Cullinan II an gina shi a gaban kambin daular Burtaniya, kuma Cullinan III da IV sun kara daɗaɗawa ga kambin Sarauniya Maryamu, matar Sarki George V.

Lu'u-lu'u mafi girma na biyu a duniya - Tauraruwar Millennium

Lu'u-lu'u Na Biyu ya kasance Tauraruwar Millennium. An haife shi ne daga ƙugiya, girmansa ya kai carats 777. An gano shi a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo a cikin 1999. Har yanzu ba a san wanda ya samo wannan taska ba. An yi ƙoƙarin ɓoye gaskiyar gano wannan dukiya, amma abin ya ci tura. Saboda lambar sihirin, an yi imani cewa wannan dutse yana kawo sa'a. Lokacin da aka gano wannan wuri na farin ciki, dubban ƴan ƙwazo ne suka ruga don neman wani lu'u-lu'u - amma babu wanda ya yi.

Shahararren kamfanin De Bers ya sayi wannan dutse mai daraja. Sa'an nan ƙugiya an yi aiki mai tsawo da aiki mai ban sha'awa - yankan lu'u-lu'u da gogewa. Saboda haka, bayan sarrafa, an sayar da wannan dutse mai daraja. dala miliyan 16 da rabi.

Lu'u-lu'u mafi girma na uku a duniya - Regent

Wani lu'u-lu'u mai ban mamaki ana kiransa mulki ko miliyoniya girma ne 410 karat. Bugu da ƙari, nauyinsa mai ban sha'awa, ya kasance na musamman godiya ga cikakke yanke. An samo shi a cikin 1700. Godiya ga Gwamnan Madras, an mika shi ga Turai. A Landan, an yanke wannan lu'u-lu'u sannan kuma sarkin Faransa ya saya. Wannan lu'u-lu'u ana daukar shi mafi kyau a cikin sharuddan yanke.

A lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa, abin takaici an sace wannan lu'u-lu'u. Ba a maido da shi ba sai 1793. Ya kasance a cikin Louvre tun karni na XNUMX, tare da kayan ado na sarakunan Faransa.

Sauran shahararrun lu'ulu'u na duniya

Kuna mamakin yadda sauran shahararrun lu'ulu'u masu ban mamaki a duniya suka yi kama? Ga cikakken jerin abubuwan da suka fi mahimmanci:  

An nuna shahararrun lu'u-lu'u a duniya a cikin adadi:

1. Babban Mogul,

2. i 11. Mai mulki,

3. da 5. Diament Florensky,

Taurari na 4 da 12 na Kudu,

6. Sanyi,

7. Dresden Green Diamond,

Koh-i-Nur na 8th da 10th tare da tsofaffi da sabbin yanke,

9. Bege lu'u-lu'u ne

Shahararrun Diamonds - Takaitawa

Shekaru aru-aru, lu'u-lu'u sun iya juyar da kawunansu, tunani masu sha'awa da tsokanar mafarkin alatu da dukiya. Sun san yadda ake fara'a, ruɗewa da mamaye mutum - kuma haka yake har yau.

Karanta kuma labarin kan batun "mafi girma / mafi shahara" kayan ado da duwatsu masu daraja a duniya:

Mafi shaharar zoben aure a duniya

Mafi shaharar zoben aure a duniya

TOP5 mafi girma gwal a duniya

Mafi girma amber a duniya - menene ya kasance?