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Ruby ja ce mai daraja

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Ruby ja ce mai daraja

Ruby yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin duwatsu masu daraja a duniya, mafi rahusa kuma mafi daraja, wanda galibi ana kiransa "sarkin duwatsu masu daraja". Sunan Ruby ya fito ne daga kalmar "rubeus", wanda ke nufin "ja" a cikin harshen Latin. A zamanin d Sanskrit, an fassara ruby ​​​​a matsayin "ratnaraj", wanda ke nufin "sarkin duwatsu masu daraja." Idan muna neman kyakkyawan dutse ja, ruby ​​​​ shine cikakken zabi. Saboda taurinsa, darewarsa, haske da ƙarancinsa, shi ne dutsen da aka fi so ba kawai ga mata ba har ma ga maza. 

Ruby ja ce mai darajaRuby Properties

Ruby shine nau'in ja na corundum. Tunda ruby ​​​​da sapphire iri ɗaya ne a duk kaddarorin sai launi, ana iya cewa ruby ​​​​sapphire ce. Duk da haka, saboda fara'a na musamman da mahimmancin tarihi, Ruby ​​a koyaushe ana lasafta shi azaman gemstone a kansa. Tara akan sikelin Mohs yana nufin cewa ruby ​​​​(corundum) shine na biyu kawai ga lu'u-lu'u a cikin taurin. Ruby, kamar sapphire, yana da alaƙa da pleochroism (al'amarin canjin launi dangane da kusurwar abin da ya faru na haske) da haske. Abubuwan da aka samu a cikin rubies suna nuna asalin dutse. Misali, rubies na Burma suna da gajeriyar allurar rutile. Ruby crystallization yana samuwa a cikin kwamfutar hannu, bipyramidal ko sifa mai kama da sanda tare da tushe hexagonal.  

Me yasa ruby ​​​​ja?Ruby ja ce mai daraja

 Kamar yadda ka sani, corundum ma'adinai ne mara launi. Wannan ƙari ne a cikin nau'in sinadarin chromium. yana sanya rubies ja. Yawancin wannan kashi, mafi tsananin launi zai kasance. Bugu da kari, da ruby ​​​​fluorescence kuma saboda chromium, wanda ya sa launi ya fi karfi. Wani abu na yau da kullun kuma ana samunsa a cikin yaƙutu shine ƙarfe. Abin baƙin ciki shine, yawancin shi, ƙananan haske na dutse da kuma duhu launi. Dalilin haka shi ne kasancewar adadin sapphires da yakutu. Yana da baƙin ƙarfe wanda "inganta" launin shuɗi na sapphires, amma a lokaci guda yana rage girman launin ja.  

Ruby launi da farashi

Ruby ja ce mai daraja

Mafi mahimmancin halayen ruby ​​​​wanda ke shafar farashinsa shine, ba shakka, launi. Launin ruby ​​​​ya bambanta daga ja mai haske zuwa launin ruwan ja mai duhu. Launi mafi mahimmanci da kyawawa shine ja mai zurfi na jini tare da dan kadan mai launin shuɗi. Wannan shi ake kira Burma ko "" (jinin tattabara).  Rubies dole ne ya kasance yana da tsabta mai kyau don ya cancanci dutse mai daraja. Tabbas, hasken dutse yana da mahimmanci, amma lu'ulu'u na ruby ​​​​matte ne kafin gogewa. Yanke da ya dace kawai, wanda zai fi dacewa da fuska, yana ba da rubies daidai walƙiya, kuma kawai abubuwan da aka samu a cikin yanayi suna ba da launi. Farashin kyawawan yakutu na halitta sun kai $100 kowace carat. Amma ga farashin, Ruby ​​yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan duwatsu waɗanda za a iya ƙara darajar ta hanyar haɗawa da ta dace. Ƙananan rutile skates na iya nuna haske ta yadda za a iya ganin tasirin tauraro akan dutse.  

Abin da ya faru na rubies - a ina aka fi hakowa?Ruby ja ce mai daraja

 Ana samun Ruby galibi a Afghanistan, Cambodia, Indiya, Kenya, Madagascar da Sri Lanka, da Pakistan, Tanzania da Thailand. Abin takaici, yaƙutu fiye da carats 5 suna da wuyar gaske, kuma yaƙutu fiye da carats 10 suna da wuya sosai. Saboda gaskiyar cewa ruby ​​​​da sapphire corundum ne, abin da ya faru kuma yana kama da haka. Ana samun su sau da yawa a cikin duwatsun metamorphic, a cikin yadudduka na marmara. Suna kuma bayyana a cikin duwatsun basalt, amma waɗanda aka samu daga waɗannan duwatsun sun fi najasa ƙarfe fiye da na dutsen marmara, wanda hakan ya sa su ƙasa da kima saboda launin "mummuna". A wurare da yawa a duniya za ku iya samun yakutu tare da saturation daban-daban na ja, duk da haka, ba shi yiwuwa a gane ta launi wanda ya fito daga wane yanki na duniya, saboda a wuri ɗaya za'a iya samun babban sashe na ruby ​​​​. crystals. Duk da haka, yakutu na Burma ne ake la'akari da su mafi daraja, kuma a can ne yakutu mai launin "jinin tattabara" suka fi bayyana. 

Ruby kayan ado da sauran amfani ga wannan dutse

Ruby ja ce mai daraja

Ruby ​​ya kasance alama ce ta ƙauna da sha'awa.Saboda haka, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa kayan ado na ruby ​​​​ya shahara sosai. Kamar yadda ka sani, ruby ​​​​ dutse ne mai daraja, don haka ya kamata a haɗa shi da karfe mai daraja. Zinariya rawaya, farar zinari, zinari mai fure ko platinum - duk waɗannan karafa suna haɗuwa da kyau tare da jan corundum. Zobba na ruby ​​​​da ba a saba ba ko 'yan kunne na ruby ​​​​kyauta ne ga kowane lokaci, kuma manyan yumbu tare da ƙaramin adadin abubuwan da aka haɗa na iya zama darajar miliyoyin daloli. An yanke wannan kyakkyawan corundum ja kamar yadda lu'u-lu'u, amma mafi yawan adadin dutsen shine "kasa" na dutse, don haka ruby ​​​​na wannan taro zai bayyana karami fiye da lu'u-lu'u. An fi ganin shi tare da yanke zagaye mai haske. Ruby shine mafi kyawun dutse don suturar yau da kullun.duk da haka, ya kamata a kiyaye wasu cikakkun bayanai: guje wa hulɗa da sinadarai kuma kada ku nuna yanayin zafi. Ya kamata a tsaftace zoben Ruby ko wasu kayan ado na ruby ​​​​da ɗan goge baki mai laushi da ruwan sabulu mai laushi. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da mai tsabtace ultrasonic don kyakkyawan sakamako. Bugu da ƙari, kayan ado, ana amfani da rubies wajen yin agogo, don ƙirƙirar agogon agogo. Hakanan ana amfani da su don ƙirƙirar abubuwa na kayan aikin da ba su da ƙarfi, kuma saboda ƙarancin haɓakar haɓakar thermal da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ana kuma amfani da su a cikin injinan auna ma'auni.  

Legends da kayan warkarwa na RubyRuby ja ce mai daraja

Saboda launin ja mai duhu Ruby ​​ya dade yana hade da kuzari da kuzari. An yi imani don haɓaka kuzari, sani, ƙarfin hali, dukiya, farin ciki cikin ƙauna da kariya a cikin yaƙi. Hakanan yana nuna alamar wadata. Ruby yana da daraja musamman a ƙasashen Asiya. An sayar da shi a kan hanyar siliki ta Arewa a kasar Sin a farkon 200 BC. Manyan mutanen kasar Sin sun kawata makamansu da yakutu, domin sun yi imani cewa wannan dutse mai daraja zai ba da kariya a yakin. Sun kuma binne yakutu a karkashin ginin gine-gine don farantawa kansu da iyalansu farin ciki. ’Yan Hindu na dā sun yi imani cewa za a sake haifuwarsu a matsayin sarakuna idan sun ba da yakutu ga gunkin Krishna. A addinin Hindu, wutar da ke ci da yakutu ta yi zafi sosai har ta kai ga za ta iya tafasa ruwa. Tatsuniyoyi na Girka sun ce zafin ruby ​​zai iya narke kakin zuma. Mayakan Burma sun dasa yakutu a jikinsu don ba su kariya da ƙarfi. Al'adu da yawa kuma sun yaba da ruby ​​​​a matsayin alamar ƙauna da sha'awa, dutse mai daraja wanda ke tada hankali, haɓaka makamashi mai kyau, kuma yana ba da tabbacin lafiya, hikima, dukiya, da nasara cikin ƙauna. Ruby ita ce mafi kyawun kyauta ga waɗanda aka haifa a watan Yuli, da kuma waɗanda aka haifa a ƙarƙashin alamar Aries, da kuma bikin bikin 15th da 40th anniversaries. An dade ana daukar Rubies cikakkiyar kayan ado na bikin aure, kyautar da ke nuna wadata. A cewar mutane da yawa waɗanda ke sha'awar madadin magani, ruby ​​​​na iya rage zafi a cikin kashin baya, ƙarfafa zuciya, motsa jini ko rage gajiyar ido.

Shahararru kuma mafi girma rubies

Ruby ja ce mai daraja32.4 dala miliyan - adadin wanda aka sayar da zoben Ruby. Dutsen yana auna carats 25.59, wanda shine $1,266,901 akan kowace carat. An yi gwanjon gwanjon ne a ranar 12 ga Mayu kuma ya ba mu sabon rikodin farashin dutse mai launi.

Tauraro ruby, yanke cabochon (lebur kasa, tudun dunƙule) - Rosser Reeves tauraro mai nauyin carats 138,72, wanda aka samu a Sri Lanka. A halin yanzu yana a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihin Halitta (Smithsonian Institution) a Washington.

Ruby ja ce mai daraja

An taba ba Elizabeth Taylor zoben ruby ​​da lu'u-lu'u. (hoton dama) Kyauta mai ban sha'awa daga Richard Burton da Harry Winston sun kirkiro kyawawan silifas don girmama bikin cika shekaru 50 na fim din "The Wizard of Oz". (Hoto a gefen hagu) Tabbas, ba za a iya ambaton Gimbiya Maryamu ta Denmark ba, wacce ta mallaki tiara mai ban sha'awa mai ban mamaki tare da yakutu da abin wuyan yatsi mai ban mamaki.

Yakutu na roba, wato, makamancin roba na wucin gadi.

Ruby na roba, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar kayan ado, an riga an halicce shi a farkon karni na XNUMX da XNUMXth. Masanin kimiyyar sinadarai na Faransa Verneuil ne ya yi haka, wanda, duk da haka, ya dogara ga binciken magabata. Kamar yadda tare da samar da sapphires na roba, akwai hanyoyi da yawa. Yawancin kamfanoni suna da nasu hanyoyin da suke karewa kuma ba sa bayyana wa kowa. Duk da haka, samar da ruby ​​roba za a iya raba zuwa iri biyu hanyoyin. Fusion masana'anta, wanda wani powdered abu ne mai tsanani zuwa wani ruwa jihar sa'an nan da ƙarfi a cikin wani crystalline form. Nau'in hanya ta biyu ita ce samar da "mafita" inda ake buƙatar alumina, wanda ba shi da launi, da kuma chromium, wanda ke ba da launi. Alumina da chromium suna narkar da su a cikin wani abu kuma an sanya su zuwa crystallization. Hanyoyin Verneuil da Chochralski sune hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su don samar da yumbu daga kayan foda. Dukansu hanyar haɓakar haɓakar hydrothermal da hanyar haɓakar kwarara sune hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su wajen samar da “mafifi”.

Ruby ja ce mai darajaRuby roba - farashin

Hanyar “narkewar harshen wuta” ta Verneuil tana samar da yakutu mafi arha, waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin bearings ko a cikin kayan ado masu arha. Hanyar Chochralski, wacce ake kira Pulled Ruby, ana amfani da ita don lasers, kuma suna samun farashin kusan $5 kowace carat. Flux Growth rubies kudin da ya kai $50 a kowace carat kuma ana amfani da su a kayan ado, yayin da hanyar hydrothermal, ba ta da yawa, ana amfani da ita a aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antu inda ake buƙatar lu'ulu'u masu lalata.

Yadda za a bambanta ruby ​​na roba daga na halitta?

Hanya mafi sauƙi, ba shakka, tana ƙarƙashin na'urar microscope, wanda zai bayyana mana sifofin halayen haɗawa, kumfa da ratsi. Tare da kayan aikin da suka dace, mai kyau gemologist ba kawai zai iya gaya dutsen wucin gadi daga na halitta ba, amma kuma zai iya gaya wa wani ɓangare na duniya dutsen ya fito, idan na halitta ne, ko kuma ta wace hanya. an halicce shi, idan na halitta ne. roba. Ya kamata a tuna cewa rubies na roba suna da halaye iri ɗaya ko kuma suna kama da duwatsu na halitta. Yanayin ba zai taɓa haifar da cikakken dutse ba, don haka idan muna hulɗa da ɗaya kawai kuma farashin yana da kyau sosai, yi hankali kuma la'akari da shi dutsen roba.  

Duba mu tarin ilmi game da duk duwatsu masu daraja amfani da kayan ado

  • Diamond / Diamond
  • Ruby
  • amethyst
  • Aquamarine
  • Agate
  • ametrine
  • Saffir
  • Emerald
  • Topaz
  • Tsimofan
  • Jadeite
  • morganite
  • yaya
  • Peridot
  • Alezandariya
  • Heliodor