Ba'al

Ana bauta wa gunkin a yawancin al’ummomi da ke Gabas Kusas ta dā, musamman a tsakanin Kan’aniyawa, waɗanda kamar sun mai da shi allahn haihuwa. Kalmar Semitic daraja (Ibraniyawa, daraja ) yana nufin “mallaki” ko “ubangiji”, ko da yake ana iya amfani da shi ta ma’ana ta gaba ɗaya: misali, mai fuka-fuki. Ba'al ya kasance mai fuka-fuki, kuma a cikin jam'i m kibau nufi maharba. Lokaci daraja Har ila yau ya kasance danganawani allah mai suna daban. Irin wannan rashin daidaito a cikin amfani da wannan kalmar, duk da haka, bai hana shi danganta shi da wani takamaiman abin bautawa ba: sai Ba'al ya ayyana allahn haihuwa na duniya, wanda a cikin waɗannan ayyuka yana da laƙabi na Yarima-Ubangiji na Duniya, kuma da mai ruwan sama da raɓa, nau'i biyu na damshin da ake bukata don haihuwa a Kan'ana. A cikin yaren Ugaritic da kuma Ibrananci na Tsohon Alkawari, an kira Baal a matsayin allahn hadari a ƙarƙashin taken "wanda ya hau kan gajimare." A Phoenician an kira shi Baal Shamen (a Aramaic - Baal Shamin), allahn sama.

Hali da ayyukan Ba'al an san mu da farko daga yawancin allunan da aka gano tun 1929 a Ugarit (Ras Shamra na zamani) a arewacin Siriya kuma an rubuta su zuwa tsakiyar ~ II. ^karni.karni. Waɗannan allunan, ko da yake suna da alaƙa da bautar Ba’al a cikin haikalinsa, wataƙila suna wakiltar imani gama gari ne ga Kan’ana. Ya kamata hawan haihu ya wuce shekaru bakwai. A cikin tatsuniyar Kan'ana, an yanke wa Baal, allahn rai da haihuwa, hukuncin kisa tare da Mot, allahn yaƙi da haihuwa. Idan Ba'al ya ci nasara, za a yi shekara bakwai na haihuwa; amma, idan aka ci shi, kasar ta yi fama da fari da yunwa na shekaru bakwai. Nassosin Ugaritic sun kawo wasu fannoni na haihuwa na Baal, kamar dangantakarsa da Anat, ’yar’uwarsa da matarsa, da kuma haihuwarsa a sakamakon haɗin ɗan maraƙi na Allah da karsasa. Sa'ad da Ba'al ya yi wannan rawar a cikin waɗannan nau'o'i daban-daban.

Amma Baal ba allahn haihuwa ne kaɗai ba. Shi ne kuma sarkin alloli, rawar da a cikinsa ake kwatanta shi da kwace ikon Allah daga Yamma, gunkin teku. Tatsuniyoyi kuma suna magana ne game da yaƙin da ya yi don ya sami gidan sarauta mai girma kamar na sauran alloli: ya shawo kan Ashiru ta roƙi mijinta El, babban allahn pantheon, don ba da izini a gina gidan; Allahn fasaha da fasaha, Kotar, zai ɗauki nauyin gina wani kyakkyawan gini a wani yanki mai girman hekta 4000 zuwa Baal. Wataƙila wannan tatsuniya tana da alaƙa da ginin Haikali na Baal a birnin Ugarit; Kusa da wannan haikalin akwai Haikalin Dagon, wanda bisa ga allunan, ya kamata ya zama uban Ba'al.

C ~ XIV - ^tafi ƙarnuka, bautar Baal ta yaɗu a Masar; kuma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Aramawa wanda ya ari haruffan Babila na sunan (Bel), daga baya an san allahn a ƙarƙashin sunan Hellenanci Belos, sannan aka gano shi da Zeus.

Wasu rukunoni suna bauta wa Baal a matsayin allahn yankin. Tsohon Alkawari sau da yawa yana magana game da Ba'al a wani yanki na musamman ko na Ba'al a cikin jam'i, yana nuna cewa gumakan gida dabam-dabam ko "masu mulki" daga wurare daban-daban sun wanzu a ƙarƙashin wannan sunan. Ba a sani ba ko Kan’aniyawa sun ɗauki waɗannan Ba’al ɗin a matsayin ɗaya ko kuma dabam, amma bai bayyana cewa addinin Ba’al na Ugarit ya takaitu ga gari ɗaya ba; kuma ko shakka babu sauran al'ummomi ma sun jingina masa ikon mallakar duniya.

Magana game da Baal a farkon tarihin Isra’ila ba lallai ba ne ya nuna ridda ko ma haɗin kai daga wannan al’ummar. Alƙali Gidiyon kuma ana kiransa Yerubba'al (Alƙalai, VI , 32), kuma Sarki Saul ya haifi ɗa mai suna Ishba’al (I STEAM ., Sabunta , 33). A cikin Yahudawa, “Baal” yana nuni ga allahn Isra’ila kamar yadda aka jingina wannan sunan ga Allah. Lebanon ko Ugarit. Ya zama abin la'antar Yahudawa lokacin Jezebel zuwa ~ EE ^й karni, yunƙurin gabatar da Ba'al na Finikiya na Isra'ila don tsayayya da bautar Ubangiji (I Sarakuna). XVIII ). Kunna^e  s.), ƙiyayya ga bautar Ba'al ta yi ƙarfi sosai har aka maye gurbin sunan da sunaye masu sarƙaƙƙiya tare da kalmar wulakanci. boshet ( kunya); don haka aka maye gurbin sunan Ishbosfei da sunan Ishbaal.