Baldr

A cikin pantheon na Scandinavia, an yi karo da allahn Ase (wanda ake kira Balder). Dan Odin da Frigg , abokantaka, tsafta, adalci, yana mamakin tausasawa, hikima , tausayi da kuma shirye don taimakawa, duk halayen da ba su dace da abin da za mu iya sani game da d ¯ a Nordic ethics, a kalla a lokacin da aka saukar da matani, wato, a cikin Viking Age. Balder kyakkyawa ne kuma kyakkyawa. Dan da ya haifa daga matarsa ​​Nanna wata rana zai zama allahn adalci: Forseti (Frisian, fosit). A Asgardhra, babban katanga inda alloli suke zaune, yana zaune a Breidhublik (Babban Shining). Lokacin da duniya ta rushe, a ranar Ƙaddamar Ƙaddamar Ƙaddamarwa (Ragnarok), zai sake tashi kuma ya jagoranci farfadowa na gaba ɗaya.

Duk da yake duk abin da ke nuna cewa wannan allahntaka ne na hasken rana, rana tana jin daɗin wata mummunar al'ada a Arewa, a kalla a cikin shekarun Bronze Scandinavian (~ 1500- ~ 400), ba wai kawai saboda an kira shi "mafi fari na Aesir." “, Amma saboda da yawa daga cikin halaye ko tatsuniyoyi da aka jingina gare shi sun yi kama Ba'al , Tammuz, Adonis (wanda sunansa ke nufin "Ubangiji", kamar kalmar badar ). Halinsa na son rai kuma yana da ban mamaki: kadan ne daga ayyukan da ba za a manta da su ba ko kuma manyan ayyukan da ake danganta su gare shi.

Duk da haka, tatsuniyoyi da dama da suka shafi shi kai tsaye masu sharhi ne masu daure kai, na farko, game da mutuwarsa. Godiya ga sihirin mahaifiyarsa, Frigga, ya zama wanda ba shi da rauni, kuma alloli suna ba da kansu ta hanyar jefa kowane nau'i na makamai da makamai masu linzami a gare shi don gwada wannan rigakafi. Amma Loki , allahn mugunta a ɓoye, ya ƙetare mafi ƙasƙantar da tsire-tsire - mistletoe ( mistilstein), wanda don haka bai cika bukatar Frigg ba. Loki ya rike hannun makahon dan'uwan Balder, Hödr, wanda sunansa ke nufin "yaki," tare da kibiya mai ban tsoro kuma ya jagoranci harbinsa: Balder ya fadi, an rataye shi. Tsoro na duniya. Wani ɗan Odin, Hermodhr, ya yi tafiya zuwa Ƙasar Duniya, wanda ya gano cewa Balder yana ƙarƙashin ikon Hel mai ɓoye, allahn mulkin matattu. A ƙarshe, ta ba da: za ta mayar da Balder zuwa duniyar alloli idan duk masu rai suna baƙin ciki bacewarsa. Don haka, Frigga ya bayyana a wurin bikin, wanda ya nemi duk mai rai, mutane, dabbobi da tsire-tsire, su yi makoki Balder. Kuma kowa ya yarda, sai dai tsohuwar tsohuwa Tyokk, wanda ba kowa ba ne, sai Loki, sake canza launi. Don haka, Balder zai kasance a cikin mulkin Hel. Allolin suna da shi

A bayyane yake ga kowa da kowa cewa muna fama da wani hadadden najasa sosai. A gefe guda, ana iya ganin tasirin Kirista a wannan labari. Allahn kirki, wanda aka yi hadaya ta hanyar mugunta mai tsafta, hadaya kai tsaye ta ruhun mugunta, amma sadaukar da kai don sarrafa sake haifuwa, shine kuma Kristi, “Farin Kristi,” kamar yadda arna na Nordics ke faɗi. Tsakanin Zamani cike yake da tatsuniyoyi na Kirista waɗanda suka yi kamanceceniya da tatsuniyoyi da yawa na Balder, kamar labarin makaho Longinus ya huda Kristi da mashinsa, ko kuma labarin Yahuda ya hana ainihin itacen barinsa. giciye Na Yesu... Magnus Olsen ya bayar da hujjar cewa bautar Balder ita ce addinin Kristi da aka kawo a Arewa cikin sigar arna kusan 700; ba za a iya kawar da wannan bayanin ba. Maguzanci na Finnish kuma sun san irin wannan kamanceceniya dangane da makomar Lemmikainen Kalevale .

A daya hannun, wuri sunayen wahayi zuwa ga Baldrs alaka da farko zuwa ga al'ada na halitta sojojin: Dutsen Baldr (Baldersberg), Hill Baldr (Baldrshol), Cape Baldrsness, da dai sauransu A wannan batun, ya kamata a tuna cewa shuka da aka sani a cikin. Arewa da aka santa da tsantsar fari, baldrsbrar (a zahiri: "Balder's gira"); wannan ya sa Fraser ya mai da Balder allahn ciyayi, ta haka ya fada ƙarƙashin rinjayar haihuwa-haihuwa. A cikin wannan jijiya, har yanzu an yi jayayya cewa Balder zai zama itacen oak (hakika, Jamusawa sun bauta wa bishiyoyi, da Celts, wanda tatsuniyarsu ya rinjayi tatsuniyar Norse fiye da ɗaya, girmama itacen oak), wanda ke zaune a cikin symbiosis. Mistletoe, amma ya mutu idan parasite ya yanke.

Duk da haka, kamar yadda a cikin Eddah so kuma game da konewa, ana kwatanta Balder a matsayin allahn jarumi, wanda ya saba wa duk abin da ke sama, kuma Saxon Grammatius yana da alama yana goyon bayan wannan ra'ayi.

Maganin ba zai nufin - "Ubangiji" - ainihin sunan Balder (kamar yadda, hakika, don Freyr)., suna mai ma'ana guda)? Don haka, saboda sauye-sauye na tarihi da ya kasance akai-akai kuma mai mahimmanci a Arewa, za mu iya samun suna wanda akai-akai ya kasance ana amfani da su ga gumaka daban-daban bisa ga yanayi da yanayi na manyan azuzuwan. Arewa: Da farko, a zamanin da, da manoma za su ba da wannan lakabi ga allahn haihuwa-haihuwa; tare da guguwar mamaya na Indo-Turai, sabon “Mai Mulki” za a yi sama da shi, wanda zai biyo bayan juyin halittar mutanen da aka kafa a Arewa, kuma a karshe zai dauki wani bangare na yaki. Rana za ta kasance tushen asali, babu shakka uban dukkan haihuwa, amma daga abin da babu makawa dukkan jarumai da jarumai suka samo asali.