Diamond kaddarorin da nagarta

Lu'u-lu'u sun fito ne daga masarautar Indiya mai suna Mutfili. Bayan damina, ruwa daga tsaunuka yana kai su cikin kwaruruka masu zurfi. Waɗannan wurare masu ɗanɗano da ɗumi suna cike da macizai masu dafi kuma mummunan kasancewarsu yana kiyaye wannan taska mai ban mamaki. Maza masu cike da sha'awa suna jefar da nama a ƙasa, lu'u-lu'u suna makale da su, kuma fararen gaggafa suna garzayawa zuwa waɗannan abubuwan. Ana kama manyan tsuntsaye ana kashe su, ana fitar da nama da lu'u-lu'u daga farantansu ko cikin ciki.

Marco Polo ya bayyana wannan yanayi mai ban sha'awa a cikin labaran balaguro. Wannan tsohuwar almara ce da ta wanzu tun kafinsa, amma tana shaida yadda kakanninsu suka yi amfani da kuɗaɗen ajiya a Golconda, tsohuwar masarauta ta Indiya.

Halayen ma'adinai na lu'u-lu'u

Lu'u-lu'u iri ɗaya ne na asali kamar zinariya ko azurfa. Abu daya ne kawai ke da hannu wajen samuwarsa: carbon. Yana cikin nau'in nau'in nau'in ƙarfe na asali tare da graphite (wanda kuma ya ƙunshi carbon amma tare da tsarin daban) da sulfur.

An samo shi a cikin duwatsu da yashi na alluvial. Tushen duwatsunta sune lamproites kuma musamman kimberlites. Wannan dutsen mai aman wuta da ba kasafai ba, wanda kuma ake kira "kasa mai shuɗi", an kafa shi a ƙarshen zamanin Cretaceous. Sunan ta da birnin Kimberley a Afirka ta Kudu. Mai wadata sosai a cikin mica da chromium, na iya ƙunsar garnets da macizai.

Lu'u-lu'u ana yin su ne a cikin rigar saman ƙasa a zurfin zurfi, aƙalla kilomita 150. Suna zama a wurin har miliyoyin shekaru. kafin a fitar da su daga bututun hayaki, da ake kira chimneys ko ditremes, na tsattsauran tsaunuka na kimberlite. Ƙarshe mai ban mamaki na irin wannan nau'in ya samo asali ne shekaru miliyan 60.

Lu'u lu'u-lu'u da ke cikin alluvium ana jigilar su ta ruwa, ba tare da canzawa ba saboda taurinsu, ta nisa mai yawa. Ana iya samun su a cikin tudu da kuma a bakin teku.

Jinkirin da tsayin daka na ci gaban carbon atom yana jin daɗin ingantaccen lu'ulu'u, galibi octahedral. (atom ɗin tsakiya da sauran maki 6 sun zama fuskoki 8). Wani lokaci muna samun adadi tare da maki 8 ko 12. Har ila yau, akwai siffofi marasa tsari da ake kira granuloforms, manyan lu'ulu'u na musamman masu nauyin fiye da 300 carats kusan koyaushe suna irin wannan. Yawancin lu'u-lu'u ba su wuce carats 10 ba.

Diamond taurin da tsinkewa

Lu'u-lu'u shine ma'adinai mafi wahala da ake samu a duniya. Masanin ilimin ma'adinai na Jamus Frederick Moos ya ɗauki shi azaman tushe lokacin ƙirƙirar ma'aunin taurin ma'adininsa a 1812. Don haka ya sanya shi a matsayi na 10 cikin 10. Lu'u lu'u-lu'u yana zazzage gilashin da ma'adini, amma wani lu'u-lu'u ne kawai zai iya karce shi.

Lu'u-lu'u yana da wuya amma a zahiri yana karye. Ragewarta, watau, tsarin sassan kwayoyin halittarsa, na halitta ne. Wannan yana haɓaka tsaftataccen tsagewa a wasu kusurwoyi. Tela, mafi daidai, billhook, yana lura kuma yana amfani da wannan lamarin. Wani lokaci fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta wanda ya haifar da lu'u-lu'u yana haifar da rabuwa mai santsi kuma don haka ya haifar da rarrabuwar yanayi.

yankan lu'u-lu'u

An ce lu'u-lu'u da aka yanke a dabi'ance suna da "makikan banza"., muna kira " masu saukin kai » Muguwar lu'u-lu'u mai kyan gani.

Lu'u-lu'u yawanci ana lulluɓe shi da ƙura mai launin toka, sau da yawa ana magana da shi tsakuwa » ( tsakuwa a Portuguese). Bayan an cire wannan datti. Girman yana nuna duk tsabta da haske na dutse. Zane ne da dabara kuma aikin haƙuri ne. Mai yankewa sau da yawa dole ne ya zaɓi tsakanin sassauƙa mai sauƙi, wanda ke riƙe da nauyin lu'u-lu'u mai laushi, ko yanke mai mahimmanci, wanda zai iya cire kashi biyu bisa uku na dutse na asali.

Akwai adadi mai yawa na nau'i mai girma, suna da tsari. Mafi shahararren yanke a halin yanzu shine Zagaye mai haske. inda haske ke wasa da ban mamaki a fuskoki 57 na lu'u-lu'u. Wannan shine wanda ke saman hagu na sama a hoton da ke sama ("год" in English).

lu'u-lu'u launuka

Lu'u-lu'u masu launi ana kiransu da lu'u-lu'u masu kyau. A da, ana ɗaukar launi sau da yawa a matsayin lahani, lu'u-lu'u ya zama fari ko shuɗi mai haske. Sannan aka karbe su da sharadin cewa su “cikakku ne kuma masu azama”. Kada su shafi haske, haske da ruwa (tsararriyar) na lu'u-lu'u. A ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan, farashin lu'u-lu'u masu launi na halitta na iya wuce farashin lu'u-lu'u "farar".

Launi wanda ya riga ya yi haske a cikin yanayinsa mai ƙazanta zai iya ba da kyakkyawar kyalkyali zuwa lu'u-lu'u mai launi. Lu'u-lu'u na lemu da ruwan hoda sune mafi wuya, wasu launuka: shuɗi, rawaya, baki, ruwan hoda, ja da kore suma ana buƙata, kuma akwai shahararrun samfuran. Masanin hakar ma'adinai René Just Gahuy (1743-1822) ya kira lu'u-lu'u masu launi "launi". ma'adinai orchids ". Waɗannan furanni ba su da yawa a lokacin fiye da yadda suke a yau!

Duk lu'u-lu'u da ƙananan ɗigo ja ja suka shafa, haɗar graphite ko wasu lahani, da ake kira "gendarmes", an ƙi su daga kayan ado. Lu'u-lu'u masu launi mara kyau (rawaya, launin ruwan kasa), sau da yawa ba su da kyau, ana kuma nuna su. Ana amfani da waɗannan duwatsun, waɗanda ake kira lu'u-lu'u na halitta, a cikin masana'antu kamar yankan gilashi.

Canjin launi yana yiwuwa ta hanyar haskakawa ko maganin zafi. Wannan zamba ce da ke da wahalar ganowa kuma ta zama ruwan dare.

Manyan wuraren hakar lu'u-lu'u na zamani

Kashi 65% na abubuwan da ake samarwa a duniya yana cikin ƙasashen Afirka:

• Afrique du Sud :

A cikin 1867, a gefen kogin Orange, an gano lu'u-lu'u a cikin wani kimberlite da aka canza mai suna "Yellow Earth". Sannan an yi amfani da nakiyoyi masu zurfi da zurfi sosai. A yau, kudaden ajiya kusan sun ƙare.

• Angola, Kyakkyawan inganci.
• Kasar Botswana, mai inganci sosai.
• Ivory Coast, aikin haƙar ma'adinai.
• Gana, ajiyar ajiya.
• Guinea, kyawawan lu'ulu'u sau da yawa fari ko fari-rawaya.
• Lesotho, alluvial adibas, samar da aikin hannu.
• Laberiya, galibi lu'ulu'u masu ingancin masana'antu.
• Namibiya, tsakuwa daga kogin Orange, mai inganci sosai.
• Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, ajiyar ajiya.
• Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, inganci mai kyau, sau da yawa rawaya.
• Sierra leone, kyawawan lu'ulu'u masu girman gaske.
• Tanzania, ƙananan lu'ulu'u, wani lokacin launi da lu'ulu'u na masana'antu.

Akwai sauran wuraren hakar:

• Australia, Argyle Mines: giant bude rami, ruwan hoda lu'u-lu'u.
• Brazil, ajiyar ajiya. Musamman, a cikin cibiyoyin ma'adinai na Diamantino a Malto Grosso (sau da yawa lu'u-lu'u masu launi) da Diamantina a Minas Gerais (kananan lu'ulu'u, amma inganci mai kyau).
• Canada, tsawo.
• China, inganci mai kyau, amma har yanzu samar da kayan aikin hannu
• Rasha, kyawawan lu'u-lu'u, sanyi yana sa samar da wahala.
• Venezuela, ƙananan lu'ulu'u, duwatsu masu daraja da ingancin masana'antu.

La Finland ita ce kasa daya tilo da ke samarwa a cikin Tarayyar Turai (kananan yawa).

Etymology na kalmar "lu'u-lu'u".

Saboda tsananin taurinsa, ana kiransa Adamas ma'ana a cikin Hellenanci: marar ƙarfi, marar nasara. Mutanen Gabas suna kiransa makaranta. Ana kuma yiwa magnet alama Adamas ta wasu tsoffin marubuta, don haka wasu rudani. Kalmar "adamantine" a cikin Faransanci na nufin haske na lu'u-lu'u, ko wani abu mai kama da shi.

Ba mu san dalilin da ya sa rhombus ya rasa prefix a, wanda a cikin Hellenanci da Latin shine mai tsaron ƙofa. Cire shi, muna samun kishiyar darajar asali, wato: tameable. Dole ne ya zama m, ko lu'u-lu'u, ko watakila lu'u-lu'u.

A tsakiyar zamanai, an rubuta lu'u-lu'u ta hanyoyi daban-daban: lu'u-lu'u, a kan tashi, lu'u-lu'u, diamanz, lu'u-lu'u. Kafin karni na XNUMX, lu'u-lu'u sau da yawa suna rasa "t" na ƙarshe a cikin jam'i: lu'u-lu'u. A cikin littattafan da, ana kiran lu'u-lu'u a wasu lokuta ya yi wanda ke nufin "ba tare da mafarki ba" saboda cancantar sa a cikin lithotherapy.

Diamond Ta Tarihi

Ayyukansa na gaske yana farawa a Indiya (da kuma Borneo) kusan 800 BC. kuma ya ci gaba a can har zuwa karni na 20. A lokacin, akwai ma'adinai 15 a cikin masarautar Golconda da XNUMX a cikin masarautar Visapur. Diamonds daga Brazil, arzikin Portugal, ya maye gurbinsu tun 1720. kuma za ta kara yawa har sai ta yi barazana ga farashin kasuwa. Sannan a cikin 1867 lu'u-lu'u sun fito daga Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin 1888, ɗan kasuwa ɗan Burtaniya Cecil Rhodes ya kafa kamfanin De Beers a nan, a zahiri, mai cin gashin kansa a cikin cinikin lu'u-lu'u.

Diamond a zamanin da

A cikin sa » Yarjejeniyar Gems Goma Sha Biyu “, Bishop Saint Epiphanes na Salamis, an haife shi a Falasdinu a ƙarni na XNUMX AD, ya kwatanta sulke na babban firist Haruna, wanda aka nakalto a cikin littafin Fitowa na Tsohon Alkawari: A lokacin manyan bukukuwa uku na shekara, Haruna ya shiga Wuri Mai Tsarki. da lu'u-lu'u a kirjinsa", Launin sa yayi kama da launin iska ". Dutsen yana canza launi bisa ga tsinkaya.

Gidan kayan tarihi na Biritaniya da ke Landan yana da siffar tagulla na tagulla da aka yi kwanan watan 480 BC, na wata mace da ke sanye da kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya. Almajiran idanuwansa masu taurin lu'u-lu'u ne.

« Adamas ba a san shi ba ne kawai ga wasu ƙananan sarakuna. Pliny the Elder ya rubuta a ƙarni na farko AD. Ya jera nau'ikan lu'u-lu'u guda shida, gami da wanda bai fi girma iri kokwamba ba. A cewarsa, mafi kyawun lu'u-lu'u shi ne Indiyawa, duk sauran ana hako su a ma'adinan zinare. Wadannan ma'adinan zinare na iya nufin Habasha. Sa'an nan kuma, ba shakka, kawai tasha ne. Lu'u-lu'u na zamani suna zuwa daga Indiya ta hanyar Bahar Maliya.

Pliny ya dage akan juriyar lu'u-lu'u zuwa wuta da ƙarfe. Da ya rasa duk ma'auni, ya ba da shawarar a buga su da guduma a kan magudanar ruwa don bincika sahihancinsu, a jiƙa su cikin jinin akuya mai dumi don tausasa!

Saboda ƙarancinsa, da kuma taurinsa, lu'u-lu'u ba kayan ado ba ne na zamani. Ana amfani da halayensa na musamman wajen yankewa da sassaƙa ƙarin duwatsu masu ƙarfi. An lullube cikin ƙarfe, lu'u-lu'u sun zama kayan aiki masu kyau. Al'adun Girka, Roman da Etruscan suna amfani da wannan fasaha, amma Masarawa ba su san ta ba.

Diamond a tsakiyar zamanai

Girman yana da ƙasa da haɓaka, kuma kyawun dutsen ya kasance mai tarawa. Rubies da emeralds sun fi kyau fiye da lu'u-lu'u, kuma yanke cabochon mai sauƙi ya isa ga waɗannan duwatsu masu launi. Koyaya, Charlemagne yana rufe kayan masarufi na masarauta tare da matsi da aka yi da lu'u-lu'u. Daga baya a cikin matani, an ambaci mutanen sarauta da yawa waɗanda suka mallaki lu'u-lu'u: Saint-Louis, Charles V, wanda Charles VII ya fi so, Agnès Sorel.

Ana ba da shawarar girke-girke na Pliny don laushi ko da yaushe har ma da ingantawa:

Akuya, zai fi dacewa fari, dole ne a fara ciyar da shi da faski ko ivy. Zai kuma sha ruwan inabi mai kyau. Sa'an nan wani abu ya faru da wannan dabba maras kyau: a kashe shi, jininsa da namansa suna zafi, kuma a zuba lu'u-lu'u a cikin wannan cakuda. Sakamakon laushi na ɗan lokaci ne, an dawo da taurin dutse bayan ɗan lokaci.

Akwai wasu hanyoyin da ba su da jini: lu'u-lu'u da aka jefa a cikin ja mai zafi da narkakkar gubar ya tarwatse. Hakanan za'a iya tsoma shi cikin cakuda man zaitun da sabulu sannan ya fito da laushi da santsi fiye da gilashi.

Dabi'un al'ada na lu'u-lu'u

Herbalism da lithotherapy sun mamaye wani muhimmin wuri a Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Zamani. An adana ilimin Helenawa da Romawa ta hanyar ƙara ƙarin sihiri. Bishop Marbaud a karni na XNUMX kuma daga baya Jean de Mandeville ya gaya mana game da fa'idodi da yawa da lu'u-lu'u ke kawowa:

Yana ba da nasara kuma yana sa mai sawa ya yi ƙarfi sosai a kan abokan gaba, musamman idan an sa shi a gefen hagu (sinistrium). Yana ba da cikakken kariya ga gaɓoɓi da ƙasusuwan jiki. Haka nan yana kare hauka, sabani, fatalwa, dafi da dafi, munanan mafarki da hargitsin mafarki. Yana karya tsafi da tsafi. Yana warkar da mahaukata da wadanda shaidan ya halitta. Har ma yana tsoratar da aljanu masu komawa maza su kwana da mata. A cikin kalma, "ya yi ado da komai."

Lu'u-lu'u da aka bayar yana da ƙarin ƙarfi da cancanta fiye da lu'u-lu'u da aka saya. Wadanda ke da bangarori hudu ba su da yawa, saboda haka sun fi tsada, amma ba su da karfi fiye da sauran. Saboda, Mutuncin lu'u-lu'u ba a siffarsa ko girmansa ba ne, a'a a zahirinsa, a cikin sirrinsa. Wannan koyarwa ta fito ne daga manyan masanan kasar Imde (Indiya)." inda ruwayen ke haduwa suka koma crystal .

Diamond a cikin Renaissance

Imani cewa lu'u-lu'u yana tsayayya da ƙarfe da wuta yana da ƙarfi. Don haka, a lokacin yakin Moras a 1474, Swiss sun yanke tare da gatari lu'u-lu'u da aka samu a cikin tantin Charles the Bold don tabbatar da cewa sun kasance na gaske.

A lokaci guda kuma, mai yin kayan ado daga Liège, Louis de Berken ko Van Berkem za su sami hanyar da za su ƙara haske ta hanyar shafa su tare. The size dabaran zai ci gaba da godiya gare shi. Wannan labarin bai yi kama da zato ba saboda ba mu sami alamun wannan hali ba.

Juyin halitta, duk da haka, ya samo asali ne tun daga wannan lokacin kuma mai yiwuwa ya fito ne daga arewa, inda kasuwancin gem ya bunƙasa. Mun koyi sassaƙa ƴan gefuna na yau da kullun : a cikin garkuwa, a cikin chamfer, a cikin ma'ana har ma a cikin fure (tare da gefuna, amma tare da ƙasa mai laushi, wanda ya kasance ana godiya a yau).

Lu'u-lu'u ya fi kowa a cikin kayan kayan sarki. Agnes na littafin Savoy mai kwanan wata 1493 ya ambaci: zoben cloverleaf tare da babban Emerald, farantin lu'u-lu'u da ruby ​​​​cabochon .

Shahararriyar labarin, bisa ga abin da François Ina so in yi amfani da lu'u-lu'u na zobensa don rubuta wasu kalmomi a kan tagar Château de Chambord, marubuci kuma marubuci Branthom ya ruwaito. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa tsohon mai gadin gidan ya kai shi ga shahararren taga, yana ce masa: " Anan, karanta wannan, idan ba ku ga rubutun hannu na Sarki ba, ya shugabana, ga shi ... »

Brantome sannan yayi la'akari da bayyanannen rubutun da aka zana cikin manyan haruffa:

“Sau da yawa mace takan canza, mara hankali, wanda ya dogara da shi. »

Sarki duk da farin cikinsa, tabbas ya kasance cikin bacin rai ran nan!

Diamond a cikin karni na 17

Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, an haife shi a shekara ta 1605, ɗan wani masanin ƙasa ne na Furotesta daga Antwerp. Wannan, wanda aka tsananta a cikin ƙasarsa, yana zaune a Paris a lokacin lokacin haƙuri. Abin sha'awar labarin balaguron mahaifinsa da taswirori masu ban mamaki tun yana ƙuruciya, ya zama ɗan kasada kuma dillali a cikin kayayyaki masu tamani tare da ɗanyen lu'u-lu'u. Wataƙila shi ne farkon wanda ya ce: "Diamond shine mafi daraja a cikin dukan duwatsu."

A cikin sabis na Duke na Orleans, ya yi tafiya zuwa Indiya sau shida:

Tsoron haɗari bai taɓa tilasta ni in ja da baya ba, ko da mummunan hoton da waɗannan ma'adanai suka gabatar ba zai iya tsoratar da ni ba. Don haka sai na je ma’adinan guda hudu da daya daga cikin koguna biyu da ake hako lu’u-lu’u daga cikinsu, ban tarar da wadannan wahalhalu ba ko wannan dabbanci da wasu jahilai suka bayyana.

JB Tavernier ya rubuta abubuwan tarihinsa kuma don haka yana ba da babbar gudummawa ga ilimin Gabas da lu'u-lu'u. Ya bayyana wani wuri mai cike da duwatsu da kurmi, tare da ƙasa mai yashi, mai kama da dajin Fontainebleau. Ya kuma bayar da rahoton al'amura masu ban mamaki:

• Ma’aikatan, tsirara ne gaba daya don gujewa sata, suna satar wasu duwatsu ta hanyar hadiye su.
• Wani “talakawa” ya manne da lu’u-lu’u mai girman karat 2 a gefen idonsa.
• Yara masu shekaru 10 zuwa 15, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu shekaru XNUMX zuwa XNUMX waɗanda ke da wayo, suna tsara don amfanin kansu na kasuwanci tsakanin masana'antun da abokan cinikin waje.
• Gabas suna daraja lu'u-lu'unsu ta wurin sanya fitilar mai tare da laka mai ƙarfi a cikin ramin murabba'i a bango, suna dawowa da dare kuma suna duba duwatsun su ta wannan hasken.

An katse ƙarshen rayuwar wannan matafiyi mara gajiya da soke dokar Nantes, ya bar Faransa a 1684 don ya mutu a Moscow bayan ƴan shekaru.

Diamond a cikin karni na 18

Konewar lu'u-lu'u

Isaac Newton, mutum ne kadai kuma mai tuhuma, yana da kamfani na wani karamin kare mai suna Diamond. Shin ya ba shi ra'ayin ya zama mai sha'awar wannan ma'adinai? Watakila saboda ya ambace shi a cikin littafinsa na ilimin gani, wanda aka buga a 1704: lu'u-lu'u zai zama mai yiwuwa man fetur. Wasu sun yi tunani game da shi tun kafin shi, kamar Boes de Booth, marubucin " Tarihin duwatsu masu daraja a shekara ta 1609. Masanin sunadarai dan kasar Ireland Robert Boyle ya gudanar da wani gwaji a shekara ta 1673: lu'u-lu'u ya bace a karkashin tsananin zafin tanderu.

Ana maimaita irin wannan yunkurin a ko'ina, a gaban 'yan kallo da ba su da tushe.. Yawancin lu'u-lu'u suna wucewa ta cikin tanderun; tsadar tsadar waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ba ya sa masu hannu da shuni da ke ba su kuɗi. François de Habsburg, mijin Empress Marie-Therese, yana ba da tallafin gwaje-gwaje don haɗa haɗin lu'u-lu'u da lu'u-lu'u. Rubies kawai aka ajiye!

A cikin 1772, Lavoisier ya bayyana cewa lu'u-lu'u misali ne ga kwal, amma " zai zama rashin hikima a yi nisa a cikin wannan kwatancin. .

Masanin sunadarai na Ingila Smithson Tennant ya nuna a cikin 1797 cewa lu'u-lu'u yana cinye iskar oxygen saboda yawan abun ciki na carbon. Lokacin da lu'u-lu'u ya ƙone tare da iskar oxygen, ya juya ya zama carbon dioxide, tun da kawai carbon yana kunshe a cikin abun da ke ciki.

Shin lu'ulu'u mai ban sha'awa zai zama gawayi mai ban sha'awa? Ba haka ba ne, domin ya fito ne daga babban hanji na duniya kuma muna iya cewa kamar masanin ma'adinan Haskakawa Jean-Étienne Guettard: " yanayi bai halicci wani abu mai kamala da za a iya kwatanta shi ba .

sanannen lu'u-lu'u

Akwai shahararrun lu'ulu'u masu yawa, galibi ana kiran su da sunan mai su: Lu'u'u lu'u-lu'u na Sarkin Rasha, girman kwai na tattabara, lu'u-lu'u na Grand Duke na Tuscany, mai launin lemo kadan, da lu'u-lu'u na Babban Mogul, wanda ba a same shi ba, yana da nauyin 280, amma yana da ƙananan lahani. Wani lokaci ana gano su ta launi da wurin asali: Dresden kore, na matsakaici mai haske, amma na kyakkyawan launi mai zurfi; Tsar Paul I ne ya sayi launin ja na Rasha.

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun shine Koh-I-Noor. Sunanta na nufin "dutsen haske". Wannan farin 105-carat mai launin toka mai launin toka mai yiwuwa ne daga ma'adinan Parteal a Indiya. Asalinsa ana ɗaukarsa allahntaka kamar yadda bincikensa ya samo asali tun zamanin almara na Krishna. An ayyana mallakin Ingilishi ta hanyar haƙƙin mallaka a lokacin mulkin Sarauniya Victoria, ana iya ganin sa sanye da kayan ado na kambi na Biritaniya a Hasumiyar London.

A nakalto mashahuran Faransa guda uku na tarihi:

Sancy

Sancy ko Grand Sancy (Bo ko Petit Sancy wani dutse ne mai daraja). Wannan farin lu'u-lu'u 55,23 carat yana da ruwa na musamman. Ya fito ne daga Gabashin Indiya.

Charles the Bold shine farkon wanda aka sani kafin Sarkin Portugal ya saya. Nicholas Harlay de Sancy, manajan kudi na Henry IV, ya saya a 1570. An sayar da shi ga Jacques I na Ingila a shekara ta 1604 sannan ya koma Faransa, Cardinal Mazarin ya saya, wanda ya ba da gadar Louis XIV. An sanya shi a kan rawanin Louis XV da Louis XVI. An rasa a lokacin juyin juya halin, wanda aka samu bayan shekaru biyu, an sayar da shi sau da yawa kafin a mallaki dangin Astor. Louvre ya sayi shi a cikin 1976.

Faransa blue

Faransa blue, Asalin nauyin carats 112, shuɗi mai duhu, ya fito ne daga kusa da Golconda, Indiya.

Jean-Baptiste Tavernier ya sayar wa Louis XV a 1668. Wannan sanannen lu'u-lu'u ya tsira daga bala'o'i dubu: sata, asara, yawancin sarakuna da masu arziki. Hakanan ana yanke shi sau da yawa.

Ma’aikacin banki na Landan Henry Hope ya saya a shekara ta 1824 kuma ya ba shi sunansa, don haka ya sami daraja ta biyu da rayuwa ta biyu. Yanzu yana auna "kawai" 45,52 carats. Fata yanzu yana bayyane a Cibiyar Smithsonian a Washington.

Le Regent

Le Regent, 426 carats m, fiye da 140 carats yanke, fari, daga Partil ma'adinai, India.

Tsaftarta da girmansa na ban mamaki, kuma shi sau da yawa ana la'akari da mafi kyawun lu'u-lu'u a duniya. An yanke shi mai haske a Ingila kuma zai ɗauki shekaru biyu.

Regent Philippe d'Orléans ya saya a shekara ta 1717 akan fam miliyan biyu, kuma a cikin shekaru biyu darajarsa ta ninka sau uku. Da farko Louis XV ne ya sa shi, sannan kuma ta duk sarakunan Faransa har zuwa Empress Eugenie (an sace shi kuma ya ɓace tsawon shekara guda a lokacin juyin juya hali). Yanzu Regent yana haskakawa a cikin Louvre.

Kayan ado na lu'u-lu'u kuma na iya zama sananne saboda kyawunsa, amma har ma da tarihinsa. Mafi ƙaranci, ba shakka, shine "Al'amarin Abun Sarauniyar Sarauniya".

A shekara ta 1782, Marie Antoinette ta yi tsayayya da jaraba cikin hikima, ta ƙi wannan abin wuya, wanda ya ƙunshi lu'u-lu'u 650 (carat 2800), hauka da aka bayar akan farashi mai yawa! A cikin ƴan shekaru, wata babbar zamba a ƙarshe za ta daidaita ta. Sarauniyar ta sha fama da wani irin satar shaida.. Ana hukunta masu laifi da masu laifin daban. Marie Antoinette ba ta da laifi, amma abin kunya ba zai sake komawa baya ba da ƙiyayyar mutane. Abin da za ku iya gani a Smithsonian a Washington ba abin wuyan Sarauniya ba ne, amma 'yan kunne na lu'u-lu'u da ya kamata ya zama nata.

lu'u-lu'u na sama

Meteorite mai daraja

A watan Mayun 1864, wani meteorite, mai yiwuwa guntuwar tauraro mai wutsiya, ya fado a wani fili a wani ƙaramin ƙauyen Orgay a Tarn-et-Garonne. Black, hayaki da gilashi, yana auna 14 kg. Wannan chondrite mai wuyar gaske ya ƙunshi nanodiamonds. Har yanzu ana nazarin samfurori a duniya. A Faransa, ana baje kolin ayyukan a cikin gidajen tarihi na tarihi na Paris da Montauban.

duniyar lu'u-lu'u

Wannan duniyar dutsen tana da mafi tsananin suna: 55 Cancri-e. Masana ilmin taurari sun gano shi a cikin 2011 kuma sun gano cewa yawancin lu'ulu'u ne.

Girman duniya sau biyu da girma sau tara, ba ya cikin tsarin hasken rana. Yana cikin ƙungiyar taurari ta Cancer, shekaru 40 haske nesa (shekara haske 1 = 9461 kmXNUMX).

Mun riga mun yi tunanin duniyar sihirin da Tintin, jaruminsa na ƙwallon ƙanƙara, ya binciko shi, yana jujjuyawa a cikin manyan ɗigon lu'u-lu'u masu ban mamaki. Bincike yana gudana, amma gaskiyar ba ta da kyau sosai!

Kayayyaki da fa'idodin lu'u-lu'u a cikin lithotherapy

A tsakiyar zamanai, lu'u-lu'u alama ce ta dindindin, dutsen sulhu, aminci da soyayyar aure. Ko a yau, bayan shekaru 60 da aure, muna bikin zagayowar ranar daurin auren lu'u-lu'u.

Lu'u-lu'u kyakkyawan aboki ne na lithotherapy, saboda ban da halayensa, yana haɓaka kyawawan dabi'un wasu duwatsu. Dole ne a yi amfani da wannan rawar ƙarfafawa ta hanyar matsananciyar ƙarfinsa tare da fahimi domin zai kuma ƙara haɓaka mummunan tasiri.

Farin lu'u-lu'u (m) yana nuna alamar tsarki, rashin laifi. Ayyukan tsaftacewa yana kare kariya daga igiyoyin lantarki.

Fa'idodin Lu'u-lu'u Akan Cututtukan Jiki

• Daidaita metabolism.
• Yana kawar da allergies.
• Yana kwantar da cizo mai dafi, tsangwama.
• Yana taimakawa wajen warkar da cututtukan ido.
• Yana motsa jini.
• Yana inganta barci mai kyau, yana kawar da mafarkai.

Amfanin lu'u-lu'u ga psyche da dangantaka

• Yana haɓaka rayuwa mai jituwa.
• Ka ba da ƙarfin zuciya da ƙarfi.
• Yana kawar da ɓacin rai.
• Yana kawar da damuwa kuma yana ba da jin dadi.
• Kawo fata.
• Yana jan hankalin yawa.
• Yana fayyace tunani.
• Yana ƙara ƙirƙira.
• Yana ƙarfafa koyo, koyo.

Lu'u-lu'u yana kawo kwanciyar hankali mai zurfi ga rai, don haka yana da alaƙa da farko Chakra ta 7 (sahasrara), da kambi chakra hade da ruhaniya sani.

Lu'u-lu'u tsaftacewa da yin caji

Don tsaftacewa, gishiri, distilled ko demineralized ruwa ya dace a gare shi.

Diamond yana da irin wannan tushen makamashi wanda baya buƙatar wani caji na musamman.

Fayyace ɗaya ta ƙarshe: "lu'u-lu'u Herkimer" da ake magana akai a lithotherapy ba lu'u-lu'u bane. Wannan ma'adini ne mai fa'ida daga ma'adinan Herkimer a Amurka.

Shin kun yi sa'ar zama mai lu'u-lu'u? Shin kun gudanar da lura da kanku fa'idodin ma'adinai mafi girma? Jin kyauta don raba kwarewar ku a cikin sashin sharhin da ke ƙasa!