ma'adinan lu'u-lu'u

Duk da cewa an yanke lu'u-lu'u a matsayin dutse mafi tsada a cikin dukan masana'antun kayan ado, ba ma'adinai ba ne. Ana hakar ma'adinan a kasashe da yawa, amma tsarin hakar kansa ba wai kawai yana da tsada ta fuskar saka hannun jari ba, har ma yana da haɗari da wahala. Kafin lu'u-lu'u su bayyana akan ɗakunan ajiya, "iyayensu" suna tafiya mai nisa sosai, wani lokacin shekaru da yawa.

Adadin Diamond

Lu'u lu'u-lu'u ana yin su ne a cikin matsanancin zafin jiki (daga 1000 ° C) da matsanancin matsa lamba (daga kilobars 35). Amma babban yanayin samuwarsa shine zurfin, wanda ya kai fiye da kilomita 120 a karkashin kasa. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi ne densification na crystal lattice faruwa, wanda shi ne, a gaskiya, farkon samuwar lu'u-lu'u. Sa'an nan, saboda fashewar magma, ajiyar kuɗi suna fitowa kusa da saman duniya kuma suna cikin abin da ake kira kimberlite pipes. Amma ko a nan wurinsu yana da zurfi a ƙarƙashin ɓawon ƙasa. Ayyukan masu neman shine, da farko, don nemo bututu, sannan kawai a ci gaba da tono.

Kimanin kasashe 35 ne ke gudanar da hakar ma'adinan da ke kan nahiyoyin da ke da kwanciyar hankali. Mafi kyawun ma'amalar ajiya suna cikin Afirka, Rasha, Indiya, Brazil, da Arewacin Amurka.

Yadda ake hako lu'ulu'u

Shahararriyar hanyar hakar ma'adinai ita ce fasa dutse. Ana tono shi, ana huda ramuka, ana sanya ababen fashewa a cikinsu ana hura su, suna bayyana bututun kimberlite. Ana jigilar dutsen da ya haifar don sarrafa shi zuwa masana'antar sarrafa don gano duwatsu masu daraja. Zurfin quaries wani lokaci yana da mahimmanci - har zuwa mita 500 ko fiye. Idan ba a sami bututun kimberlite a cikin ƙwanƙwasa ba, to, an gama ayyukan kuma an rufe ginin, tunda ba a da kyau a nemi lu'u-lu'u mai zurfi.

Idan bututun kimberlite suna cikin zurfin fiye da 500 m, to, a cikin wannan yanayin, ana amfani da hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta hakar - mine. Ya fi wahala da haɗari, amma, a matsayin mai mulkin, mafi nasara-nasara. Wannan ita ce hanyar da dukkan kasashe masu samar da lu'u-lu'u ke amfani da su.

Na gaba, mafi ƙarancin mahimmancin mataki a cikin hakar ma'adinai shine hakar gem daga ma'adinai. Don wannan, ana iya amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban:

1. Kayan aiki mai kitse. An shimfiɗa dutsen da aka haɓaka akan tebur wanda aka lulluɓe da kitse, tare da rafi na ruwa. Lu'u-lu'u suna manne da tushe mai kitse, kuma ruwa yana busa dutsen datti.
2. X-ray. Wannan hanya ce ta hannu ta gano ma'adinai. Tunda yana haskakawa a cikin x-ray, ana samo shi kuma an jera shi da hannu daga nau'in.
3. Babban dakatarwa mai yawa. Duk dutsen da aka yi aiki yana damshi a cikin wani bayani na musamman. Dutsen sharar gida yana zuwa ƙasa, kuma lu'ulu'u lu'u-lu'u suna iyo zuwa saman.

Har ila yau, akwai hanya mafi sauƙi don cire lu'u-lu'u, wanda za'a iya gani a cikin fina-finai masu yawa a cikin nau'in kasada - daga masu sanya wuri. Idan bututun kimberlite ya lalace ta hanyoyi daban-daban na yanayi, alal misali, ƙanƙara, ruwan sama, guguwa, to, duwatsu masu daraja, tare da yashi da tarkace, je zuwa ƙafa. Za mu iya cewa a cikin wannan yanayin kawai suna kwance a saman duniya. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da sifa mai sauƙi na duwatsu don gano ma'adinai. Amma irin waɗannan yanayi, waɗanda muke gani sau da yawa a kan allon TV, ba su da yawa. A mafi yawan lokuta, har yanzu ana yin hakar lu'u-lu'u akan masana'antu, mafi girman ma'auni.