Amber - rawaya ido na tiger

Wataƙila, duk mutane sun san amber. Ana amfani da shi ba kawai a cikin kayan ado da kayan ado ba, har ma a cikin magani, masana'antu da aikin katako. Bugu da ƙari, amber kuma ya shahara a wasu wuraren da ba a saba gani ba - lithotherapy da sihiri. Godiya ga makamashi na halitta, yana taimakawa wajen jimre wa wasu cututtuka kuma yana rinjayar rayuwar mai shi, yana jagorantar shi a hanya mai kyau. Amma farko abubuwa da farko.

Description

Sabanin sanannun imani, amber ba ma'adinai ba ne kuma baya samar da lu'ulu'u. A gaskiya ma, shi ne petrified guduro, wani kauri mai kauri wanda ya bambanta da yanke a cikin tsoffin bishiyoyin coniferous.

Asalin

A lokacin Antiquity, yawancin masana kimiyya sun ɗauka cewa asalin wannan dutse yana da alaƙa da guduro. Aristotle, Theofast, Pliny the Elder yayi magana game da wannan.

Tuni a cikin karni na XNUMX, masanin halitta da likitan Sweden Carl Linnaeus da masanin kimiyyar halitta na Rasha Mikhail Lomonosov sun tabbatar da hakan. Su ne suka tabbatar da cewa amber shine guduro na tsoffin bishiyoyin coniferous.

A cikin 1807, masanin kimiyar Rasha, masanin kimiyyar ma'adinai, masanin ilimin geologist, masanin ilimin kimiyya na Imperial Academy of Sciences Vasily Severegin bisa hukuma ya ba da bayanin kimiyya, asalin da rabe-raben amber.

Ilimin Zamani

Sunan dutse yana da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa.

Misali, "suna" na Faransanci na amber - ambre - ya fito ne daga ʿanbar Larabci. Ƙungiyar jama'ar ƙungiyar ƙabilar Semitic da ke zaune a jahohin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka sun damu sosai da dutse: sun yi imani cewa raɓa ne ya fado daga sama kuma ya taurare.

Jamusawa suna kiran amber Bernstein, wanda ke nufin "dutse mai ƙonewa". Wannan yana da ma'ana sosai - kayan yana ƙonewa da sauri kuma yana haifar da harshen wuta mai kyau, yayin fitar da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Wannan sunan ya bazu zuwa yankin wasu ƙasashe, kamar Belarus da Ukraine. A can dutsen ya karbi "suna" burshtyn.

Tsohon Helenawa sun kasance suna sha'awar dutse don ikonsa na wutar lantarki. Sun kira samuwar electron. Abin lura shi ne ainihin kalmar “lantarki” ta fito daga wannan sunan - ἤλεκτρον. Af, a cikin tsohuwar Rasha, amber yana da irin wannan suna, amma ɗan ɗan rubutu daban-daban - lantarki ko lantarki. 

Duk da haka, ainihin kalmar "amber" an iya aro daga Lithuania - gintaras.

Main halaye

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, amber ba ma'adinai ba ne, ba ya samar da lu'ulu'u. A lokaci guda, yana da halaye masu kyau waɗanda ke ba ku damar ƙirƙirar kayan ado daban-daban, kayan ado, maɓalli, beads, da ƙari tare da shi.

• inuwa - daga kodadde rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kasa; ja, wani lokacin mara launi, fari mai madara, tare da ambaliya kore;
• haske - resinous;
• ƙananan taurin - 2-2,5;
• wutar lantarki ta hanyar gogayya;
• yana ƙonewa da sauri;
• lokacin da ake hulɗa da oxygen, yana da oxidized, wanda ke taimakawa wajen canji ba kawai a cikin inuwa ba, har ma a cikin abun da ke ciki.

Iri

Amber yana da iri da yawa. Na farko, an raba shi zuwa kasusuwa da kasusuwa. An ƙayyade kaddarorin waɗannan nau'ikan da farko ta yanayi da lokacin faruwarsu.

Na biyu, muhimmin ma'auni don bambancewa shine lambar rashin ƙarfi. An ƙididdige shi tare da kayan aiki na musamman - mitar microhardness, ƙididdiga a cikin gram, kuma ya bambanta daga takamaiman sigogi.

Na uku, amber kuma na iya samun fayyace mabanbanta, wanda ke da alaƙa da rashin daidaito na ɓangarorin da ke jikinta. A kan wannan, za a kira dutse daban-daban:

• m - rashin ɓarna, mafi girman ingancin dutse;
• girgije - translucent;
• bastard - opaque;
• kashi - opaque, mai tunawa da hauren giwa a launi;
• kumfa - opaque, inuwa - fari mai tafasa.

Amber kuma yana bambanta da launi. Abin mamaki, ana iya fentin dutse a cikin kowane inuwa daga bakan. Duk ya dogara da yanayin, da kuma kasancewar nau'o'in ƙazanta daban-daban a cikin guduro. Alal misali, algae na iya canza launin kore, wasu ma'adanai masu alaƙa suna "ba shi" launin azurfa, kuma yashi ya dan yi duhu kuma yana ba da amber launin ja.

Wurin Haihuwa

A gaskiya ma, amber adibas za a iya raba sharuddan zuwa kungiyoyi: tarihi da na zamani.

tarihi

Da farko, an sami tauraruwar bishiyar coniferous a tsibirin Jutland (Danmark ta zamani), amma ajiyar ya ƙare da sauri. Sa'an nan 'yan kasuwa sun fara juya zuwa Amber Coast - sunan gargajiya na kudu maso gabashin Tekun Baltic, wanda yake a yammacin yankin Kaliningrad na Rasha.

A duniya

Akwai manyan larduna biyu masu ɗauke da amber na duniya:

• Eurasian, ciki har da Ukraine, Rasha, Italiya, Myanmar, Indonesia, tsibirin Sri Lanka;
• Amurka - Jamhuriyar Dominican, Mexico, Arewacin Amirka, Greenland.

Свойства

Amber dutse ne mai daraja kuma an tabbatar da tasirinsa a jikin ɗan adam a kimiyance.

sihiri

Amber alama ce ta sa'a da tsawon rai. Abubuwan sihirinsa sun bambanta sosai. Don haka, sun haɗa da:

• yana kare mai shi daga matsaloli, haɗari, kowane maita (mugun ido, lalacewa, tsafi na soyayya, la'ana);
• yana bayyana iyawar ƙirƙira, ya cika da wahayi da sha'awar ƙirƙirar;
• yana haɓaka hankali da fahimta;
• yana taimaka muku cimma burin ku;
• yana kawo sa'a, sa'a, farin ciki, kyakkyawan fata;
• da kyau yana rinjayar mata masu ciki, yana taimakawa wajen haihuwa;
• yana tsoratar da mugayen ruhohi;
• yana kare ma'aurata daga gulma, hassada, cin amana, rashin fahimtar juna.

Magunguna

Akwai kawai tatsuniyoyi game da kayan warkarwa na amber. Abin sha'awa, wannan tasirin ya daɗe da tabbatar da kimiyya kuma an sami nasarar amfani da shi ta hanyar madadin ƙwararrun magunguna - lithotherapists.

An yi imani da cewa babu irin wannan cututtuka da amber ba zai iya kawar da su ba, kuma wannan magana ta dace a yau. Don haka, abubuwan warkarwarsa sun haɗa da:

• yana kawar da ciwon kai da ciwon hakori;
• da kyau yana shafar aikin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini;
• yana taimakawa tare da cututtukan haɗin gwiwa, varicose veins;
• yana dakatar da tsarin hemolysis;
• inganta metabolism, tsarin narkewa;
• tabbatacce yana rinjayar tsarin mai juyayi, kodan, hanji;
• yana kawar da damuwa kuma yana sassauta tasirinsa;
• yana kare kariya daga mura, mura;
• warkar da raunuka da sake farfadowa;
• saturates sel tare da iskar oxygen;
• yana jinkirta tsarin tsufa na fata;
• a cikin yara - sauƙaƙe aiwatar da hakora, inganta lafiya.

Babban abu mai aiki shine succinic acid, wanda aka sani da kaddarorinsa masu amfani.

Aikace-aikacen

Yankunan aikace-aikacen amber sun bambanta sosai:

• Masana'antar kayan ado. Yin kayan ado iri-iri: beads, zobe, ƴan kunne, ƙyalli, pendants, mundaye da ƙari mai yawa. Wani lokaci kwari, fuka-fukan suna kunshe a cikin dutse, an halicci kumfa a ciki - irin waɗannan samfurori suna kallon asali da kyau.
• Haberdashery - maɓalli, combs, gashin gashi, akwatunan foda, abubuwan da aka saka akan bel, wallets, jakunkuna, akwatuna.
• Maganin. Samar da kwantena na likita, kayan aiki. Popular amfani a cosmetology.
• sarrafa itace. An yi amfani da lacquer na tushen Amber azaman gamawar itace. Sun kasance "a kiyaye" saman jiragen ruwa, kayan daki, kayan kida.
• Noma. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da succinic acid. Ana amfani da shi don bi da tsaba don inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa da germination a matsayin abin motsa jiki na biogenic.
• Dabbobi da kaji - a cikin nau'i na karin abinci.
• Kayan gida daban-daban - kwantena, sandunan fitila, jita-jita, dara, akwatuna, figurines, agogo, madubai. Hotuna da gumaka kuma an yi musu ado da dutse.

Wanda ya dace da alamar zodiac

A cewar masu ilmin taurari, amber yana da kyau ga alamun Wuta - Leo, Sagittarius, Aries. Ba'a ba da shawarar saka samfurori tare da dutse kawai don Taurus.

Haka kuma an yi imani da cewa ba a ba wa baƙi na sirri da amulets da ƙwararru tare da saka taurin guduro ga baƙi don kada samfurin ya rasa ƙarfinsa.